Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 50, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany.
Mycotoxin Res. 2008 Jun;24(2):57-72. doi: 10.1007/BF02985283.
The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of ergot contaminated feed concentrate at differing levels of feed intake on ruminal fermentation, and on various physiological parameters of dairy cows. Twelve double fistulated (in the rumen and the proximal duodenum) Holstein Friesian cows were fed either a control diet (on a dry matter (DM) base: 60% maize silage, 40% concentrate) or a diet containing ergot alkaloids (concentrate contained 2.25% ergot resulting in an ergot alkaloid concentration of the daily ration between 505 and 620 (μg/kg DM) over a period of four weeks. Daily feed amounts were adjusted to the current performance which resulted in a dry matter intake (DMI) variation between 6.0 and 18.5 kg/day. The resulting ergot alkaloid intake varied between 4.1 and 16.3 (μg/kg body weight when the ergot contaminated concentrate was fed.Concentrations of isovalerate, propionate and ammonia nitrogen in the rumen fluid were significantly influenced by ergot feeding, and the amount of ruminally undegraded protein, as well as the fermentation of neutral detergent fibre, tended to increase with the ergot supplementation at higher levels of feed intake, which might indicate a shift in the microbial population. Other parameters of ruminal fermentation such as ruminai pH, fermented organic matter as a percentage of intake, or the amount of non-ammonia nitrogen measured at the duodenum were not significantly influenced by ergot feeding. The activities of liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyltransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase) in the serum were not affected by ergot feeding. The rectal measured body temperature of the cows significantly increased after ergot administration (p=0.019). Thus, body temperature can be regarded as a sensitive parameter to indicate ergot exposure of dairy cows.
本研究旨在探讨不同采食水平的被麦角污染的精料对奶牛瘤胃发酵和生理参数的影响。12 头二联（瘤胃和近端十二指肠）荷斯坦弗里生奶牛分别饲喂对照日粮（干物质（DM）基础：60%青贮玉米，40%精料）或含麦角生物碱的日粮（精料中含有 2.25%麦角，导致日粮中麦角生物碱浓度在 4 周内为 505-620μg/kg DM）。每日饲料量根据当前表现进行调整，导致干物质采食量（DMI）在 6.0-18.5kg/天之间变化。当饲喂被麦角污染的精料时，摄入的麦角生物碱量在 4.1-16.3μg/kg 体重之间变化。瘤胃液中异戊酸、丙酸和氨氮浓度受到麦角碱喂养的显著影响，瘤胃未降解蛋白的数量以及中性洗涤剂纤维的发酵也随着麦角碱在较高采食量下的补充而增加，这可能表明微生物群发生了变化。其他瘤胃发酵参数，如瘤胃 pH、摄入有机物质的发酵百分比或十二指肠测定的非氨氮数量，不受麦角碱喂养的影响。血清中肝酶（天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、γ-谷氨酰转移酶、谷氨酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶）的活性不受麦角碱喂养的影响。牛的直肠测量体温在麦角碱给药后显著升高（p=0.019）。因此，体温可以被认为是指示奶牛麦角暴露的敏感参数。
