Karolinska Institutet, Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Aging Research Centre, Stockholm, Sweden.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2013 Apr 22;13:145. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-13-145.
To develop a healthcare environment that is congruent with diversity among care providers and care recipients and to eliminate ethnic discrimination, it's important to map out and assess caregivers' awareness and acceptance of diversity. Because of a lack of standardized questionnaires in the Swedish context, this study designed and standardized a questionnaire: the Assessment of Awareness and Acceptance of Diversity in Healthcare Institutions (AAAD, for short).
The questionnaire was developed in four phases: a comprehensive literature review, face and content validity, construct validity by factor analysis, and a reliability test by internal consistency and stability assessments.
Results of different validity and reliability analyses suggest high face, content, and construct validity as well as good reliability in internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.68 to 0.8) and stability (test-retest: Spearman rank correlation coefficient: 0.60 to 0.76). The result of the factor analysis identified six dimensions in the questionnaire: 1) Attitude toward discrimination, 2) Interaction between staff, 3) Stereotypic attitude toward working with a person with a Swedish background, 4) Attitude toward working with a patient with a different background, 5) Attitude toward communication with persons with different backgrounds, 6) Attitude toward interaction between patients and staff.
This study introduces a newly developed questionnaire with good reliability and validity values that can assess healthcare workers' awareness and acceptance of diversity in the healthcare environment and healthcare delivery.
为了营造与医护人员和患者多样性相契合的医疗环境，消除种族歧视，重要的是要了解并评估医护人员对多样性的认知和接受程度。由于在瑞典语境下缺乏标准化问卷，本研究设计并标准化了一份问卷：医疗机构多样性认知和接受度评估问卷（AAAD）。
问卷的开发共分为四个阶段：全面的文献回顾、表面效度和内容效度、通过因子分析进行结构有效性检验，以及通过内部一致性和稳定性评估进行可靠性检验。
不同有效性和可靠性分析的结果表明，该问卷具有较高的表面效度、内容效度和结构效度，且内部一致性（Cronbach's alpha：0.68 至 0.8）和稳定性（重测检验：Spearman 等级相关系数：0.60 至 0.76）良好。因子分析的结果确定了问卷的六个维度：1）对歧视的态度，2）员工之间的互动，3）对与瑞典背景的人共事的刻板态度，4）对与不同背景的患者共事的态度，5）对与不同背景的人进行沟通的态度，6）对患者与员工之间互动的态度。
本研究引入了一种新开发的问卷，该问卷具有良好的信度和效度，可以评估医护人员对医疗环境和医疗服务中多样性的认知和接受程度。
