Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, United Kingdom.
Conscious Cogn. 2013 Jun;22(2):603-12. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2013.03.010. Epub 2013 Apr 23.
Appreciating human movement can be a powerful aesthetic experience. We have used apparent biological motion to investigate the aesthetic effects of three levels of movement representation: body postures, movement transitions and choreographic structure. Symmetrical (ABCDCBA) and asymmetrical (ABCDBCA) sequences of apparent movement were created from static postures, and were presented in an artificial grammar learning paradigm. Additionally, "good" continuation of apparent movements was manipulated by changing the number of movement path reversals within a sequence. In an initial exposure phase, one group of participants saw only symmetrical sequences, while another group saw only asymmetrical sequences. In a subsequent test phase, both groups rated all sequences on an aesthetic evaluation scale. We found that posture, movement, and choreographic structure all influenced aesthetic ratings. Separate ratings for the static body postures presented individually showed that both groups preferred a posture that maximized spatial symmetry. Ratings for the experimental sequences showed that both groups gave higher ratings to symmetrical sequences with "good" continuation and lower ratings to sequences with many path reversals. Further, participants who had been initially familiarized with asymmetrical sequences showed increased liking for asymmetrical sequences, suggesting a structural mere exposure effect. Aesthetic preferences thus depend on body postures, apparent movement continuation and choreographic structure. We propose a hierarchical model of aesthetic perception of human movement with distinct processing levels for body postures, movements and choreographic structure.
欣赏人类运动可以是一种强烈的审美体验。我们使用明显的生物运动来研究运动表现的三个层次的审美效果：身体姿势、运动过渡和编舞结构。对称（ABCDCBA）和不对称（ABCDBCA）的明显运动序列是由静态姿势创建的，并在人工语法学习范式中呈现。此外，通过改变序列内运动路径反转的数量来操纵明显运动的“良好”延续性。在初始暴露阶段，一组参与者只看到对称序列，而另一组只看到不对称序列。在随后的测试阶段，两组参与者都根据美学评估量表对所有序列进行评分。我们发现，姿势、运动和编舞结构都影响了审美评分。单独呈现的静态身体姿势的单独评分表明，两组都更喜欢最大化空间对称的姿势。对于实验序列的评分表明，两组都对具有“良好”延续性的对称序列给予更高的评分，对具有多次路径反转的序列给予更低的评分。此外，最初熟悉不对称序列的参与者对不对称序列的喜爱程度增加，表明存在结构单纯暴露效应。因此，审美偏好取决于身体姿势、明显运动延续性和编舞结构。我们提出了一个人类运动审美感知的层次模型，其中包含身体姿势、运动和编舞结构的不同处理层次。
