Training and Private Consultation Ardmore, PA, USA.
Front Integr Neurosci. 2013 Apr 19;7:27. doi: 10.3389/fnint.2013.00027. eCollection 2013.
In recent years, a significant body of research has focused on challenges to neural connectivity as a key to understanding autism. In contrast to attempts to identify a single static, primarily brain-based deficit, children and adults diagnosed with autism are increasingly perceived as out of sync with their internal and external environments in dynamic ways that must also involve operations of the peripheral nervous systems. The noisiness that seems to occur in both directions of neural flow may help explain challenges to movement and sensing, and ultimately to entrainment with circadian rhythms and social interactions across the autism spectrum, profound differences in the rhythm and timing of movement have been tracked to infancy. Difficulties with self-synchrony inhibit praxis, and can disrupt the "dance of relationship" through which caregiver and child build meaning. Different sensory aspects of a situation may fail to match up; ultimately, intentions and actions themselves may be uncoupled. This uncoupling may help explain the expressions of alienation from the actions of one's body which recur in the autobiographical autism literature. Multi-modal/cross-modal coordination of different types of sensory information into coherent events may be difficult to achieve because amodal properties (e.g., rhythm and tempo) that help unite perceptions are unreliable. One question posed to the connectivity research concerns the role of rhythm and timing in this operation, and whether these can be mobilized to reduce overload and enhance performance. A case is made for developmental research addressing how people with autism actively explore and make sense of their environments. The parent/author recommends investigating approaches such as scaffolding interactions via rhythm, following the person's lead, slowing the pace, discriminating between intentional communication and "stray" motor patterns, and organizing information through one sensory mode at a time.
近年来，大量研究集中在神经连接的挑战上，认为这是理解自闭症的关键。与试图识别单一的、主要基于大脑的缺陷不同，被诊断为自闭症的儿童和成人被越来越多地认为是与他们的内部和外部环境在动态上不同步的，这种不同步也必须涉及周围神经系统的运作。神经流动的两个方向似乎都存在的“噪音”可能有助于解释运动和感知的挑战，并最终解释自闭症谱系中与昼夜节律和社交互动的同步问题，运动中似乎存在的这种双向神经流动的“噪音”可能有助于解释运动和感知的挑战，并最终解释自闭症谱系中与昼夜节律和社交互动的同步问题，运动中节奏和定时的深刻差异已被追踪到婴儿期。自我同步的困难抑制了实践能力，并可能通过照顾者和孩子建立意义的“关系之舞”而产生破坏。情况的不同感官方面可能无法匹配；最终，意图和行动本身可能会脱钩。这种脱钩可能有助于解释自闭症文献中反复出现的对自己身体行为的疏远感。不同类型的感官信息的多模态/跨模态协调可能难以实现，因为有助于统一感知的无模态属性（例如节奏和速度）不可靠。连接性研究提出的一个问题是节奏和定时在这一过程中的作用，以及这些属性是否可以被调动起来减少过载并提高性能。有人呼吁开展发展研究，探讨自闭症患者如何积极探索和理解他们的环境。作者建议研究通过节奏支撑互动、跟随他人的引领、放慢节奏、区分有意的沟通和“随意”的运动模式，以及一次通过一种感官模式组织信息等方法。
