Porta Davide, Poppa Pasquale, Regazzola Valeria, Gibelli Daniele, Schillaci Daniela Roberta, Amadasi Alberto, Magli Francesca, Cattaneo Cristina
LABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense, Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2013 Sep;34(3):195-200. doi: 10.1097/PAF.0b013e318288759a.
Inspection of a crime scene is a crucial step in forensic medicine, and even the methods taught by forensic anthropology are essential. Whereas a thorough inspection can provide crucial information, an approximate inspection can be useless or even harmful. This study reports 3 cases of burnt bodies found inside vehicles between 2006 and 2009 in the outskirts of Milan (Italy). In all 3 cases, the victim was killed by gunshot, and the body was burnt in the vehicle to destroy signs of skeletal injury and prevent identification. In every case, the assistance of forensic anthropologists was requested, but only after the inspection of the body at autopsy showed that the remains were incomplete, thus making it more difficult to determine the identity, cause, and manner of death. A second scene of crime inspection was therefore performed with strict anthropological and adapted archeological methods by forensic anthropologists to perform a more complete recovery, proving how much material had been left behind. These cases clearly show the importance of a proper recovery and of the application of forensic anthropology methods on badly charred bodies and the importance of recovering every fragment of bone: even the smallest fragment can provide essential information. Thus, a precise coordination, a correct and thorough recovery of bone fragments, and an anthropological approach are crucial for many issues: analysis of the scene of crime, reconstruction of the corpse, and reconstruction of the perimortem events.
犯罪现场勘查是法医学中的关键步骤，甚至法医人类学所教授的方法也至关重要。尽管全面勘查能提供关键信息，但粗略勘查可能毫无用处甚至有害。本研究报告了2006年至2009年期间在意大利米兰郊区车内发现的3具烧焦尸体的案例。在这3起案件中，受害者均死于枪伤，尸体在车内被焚烧以销毁骨骼损伤迹象并防止身份识别。在每起案件中，都请求法医人类学家提供协助，但都是在尸检时对尸体的检查表明遗骸不完整之后，这使得确定身份、死因和死亡方式变得更加困难。因此，法医人类学家采用严格的人类学方法和适当的考古学方法进行了第二次犯罪现场勘查，以进行更完整的尸体残骸回收，证明遗留了多少物证。这些案例清楚地表明了妥善回收以及对严重烧焦尸体应用法医人类学方法的重要性，以及回收每一块骨头碎片的重要性：即使是最小的碎片也能提供重要信息。因此，精确的协调、正确且全面地回收骨头碎片以及采用人类学方法对于许多问题至关重要：犯罪现场分析、尸体重建以及死前事件重建。
