Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, California, USA.
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013 Aug;21(8):1514-8. doi: 10.1002/oby.20503.
To investigate long-term body mass index (BMI) changes associated with childbearing.
Adjusted mean BMI changes were estimated by race-ethnicity, baseline BMI, and parity using longitudinal regression models for 3,943 young females over 10 and 25 year follow-up from the ongoing 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth cohort.
Estimated BMI increases varied by group, ranging from a low of 2.1 BMI units for white, non-overweight nulliparas over the first 10 years to a high of 10.1 BMI units for black, overweight multiparas over the full 25-year follow-up. Impacts of parity were strongest among overweight multiparas and primaparas at 10 years, ranges 1.4-1.7 and 0.8-1.3 BMI units, respectively. Among non-overweight women, parity-related gain at 10 years varied by number of births among black and white but not Hispanic women. After 25 years, childbearing significantly increased BMI only among overweight multiparous black women.
Childbearing is associated with permanent weight gain in some women, but the relationship differs by maternal BMI in young adulthood, number of births, race-ethnicity, and length of follow-up. Given that overweight black women may be at special risk for accumulation of permanent, long-term weight after childbearing, effective interventions for this group are particularly needed.
研究与生育相关的长期体重指数（BMI）变化。
利用正在进行的 1979 年全国青年纵向研究队列中超过 10 年和 25 年随访的 3943 名年轻女性的数据，通过种族-民族、基线 BMI 和生育次数的纵向回归模型，估计调整后的平均 BMI 变化。
估计的 BMI 增加因组而异，范围从白人、非超重初产妇在最初 10 年内的低 2.1 BMI 单位到黑人、超重多产妇在整个 25 年随访期间的高 10.1 BMI 单位。在超重多产妇和初产妇中，生育次数的影响在 10 年内最强，分别为 1.4-1.7 和 0.8-1.3 BMI 单位。在非超重女性中，黑人女性和白人女性的生育次数与 10 年内的生育相关增益有关，但西班牙裔女性没有。25 年后，只有超重的多产妇黑人女性的生育显著增加了 BMI。
生育与一些女性的永久性体重增加有关，但这种关系因年轻成年时的母亲 BMI、生育次数、种族-民族以及随访时间的长短而不同。鉴于超重的黑人女性在生育后可能特别容易积累永久性的长期体重，因此特别需要针对这一群体的有效干预措施。
