Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2024 Aug;11(4):2318-2328. doi: 10.1007/s40615-023-01699-y. Epub 2023 Jul 28.
Black adults are more likely to consume meals from fast-food restaurants than other racial/ethnic groups with implications for disparities in dietary quality and obesity outcomes. Family and economic characteristics are associated with fast-food consumption. The aim of this study was to determine the association between household composition, income, and fast-food consumption among Black women and men. A cross-sectional, secondary analysis of nationally representative data from the 2011-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey using multiplicative interaction terms and negative binomial regressions were used to assess whether household income moderated associations between number of children or older adults in the household and number of weekly fast-food meals consumed. Household composition was not associated with fast-food consumption among Black women overall. Yet, demonstrated by a significant interaction (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 3.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.59-7.32), Black women with higher household income (≥ $75,000) and multiple young children consumed more fast-food compared to women with no children in the household. In contrast, Black men with one school-aged child in the home consumed fewer weekly fast-food meals than men with no school-aged children in the home (IRR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.51-0.93). A significant interaction between number of older adults in the household and household income ≥ $75,000 (IRR = 3.56, 95% CI = 1.59-8.01) indicated that Black men with lower incomes and at least one older adult in the household consumed fewer weekly fast-food meals. These findings demonstrate that household composition and household income interact on fast-food consumption among Black women and men. Future studies should interrogate these differences, while programs and policies can be informed by the results of this study.
黑人成年人比其他种族/族裔群体更有可能在快餐店就餐，这对饮食质量和肥胖结果的差异有影响。家庭和经济特征与快餐消费有关。本研究的目的是确定家庭构成、收入与黑人群体中男性和女性快餐消费之间的关系。本研究采用乘法交互项和负二项回归，对 2011-2018 年全国健康与营养调查的全国代表性数据进行了横断面、二次分析，以评估家庭收入是否调节了家庭中儿童或老年人数量与每周快餐用餐次数之间的关系。家庭构成与黑人女性的快餐消费总体上没有关联。然而，通过显著的交互作用（发病率比（IRR）=3.41，95%置信区间（CI）=1.59-7.32）表明，高收入（≥75,000 美元）家庭中拥有多个年幼子女的黑人女性比家中没有子女的女性食用更多的快餐。相比之下，家中有一个学龄儿童的黑人男性比家中没有学龄儿童的男性每周食用的快餐次数更少（IRR=0.69，95%CI=0.51-0.93）。家中老年人数量与家庭收入≥75,000 美元之间的显著交互作用（IRR=3.56，95%CI=1.59-8.01）表明，收入较低且家中至少有一位老年人的黑人男性每周食用的快餐次数更少。这些发现表明，家庭构成和家庭收入在黑人群体中男性和女性的快餐消费方面相互作用。未来的研究应该探讨这些差异，而项目和政策可以参考本研究的结果。
