年轻可卡因吸食者的主要用药情况、健康状况和社会经济特征：来自两个巴西城市的报告

Key drug use, health and socio-economic characteristics of young crack users in two Brazilian cities.

机构信息

Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

出版信息

Int J Drug Policy. 2013 Sep;24(5):432-8. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2013.03.012. Epub 2013 Apr 28.

DOI:10.1016/j.drugpo.2013.03.012

PMID:23632130

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Crack use constitutes a major problem in cities across Brazil. While existing data suggest that crack use is generally concentrated among disenfranchised young people with extensive health problems and crime involvement, extensive data gaps exist. To address this issue, this study aimed to assess key characteristics of young crack users in two Brazilian cities.

METHODS

N=160 regular and young adult (ages 18-24) crack users were recruited by community-based methods in the cities of Rio de Janeiro (Southeast) and Salvador (Northeast). Assessments included an interviewer-administered questionnaire on key social, drug use, health and service use characteristics, as well as serological testing of HBV, HCV and HIV status, and were conducted anonymously between November 2010 and June 2011. Participants provided informed consent and received transportation vouchers following assessment completion. The study was approved by institutional ethics review boards.

RESULTS

The majority of participants were: male, with less than high school education, unstably housed (Rio only); gained income from legal or illegal work; arrested by police in past year (Salvador only); had numerous daily crack use episodes and shared paraphernalia (Salvador only); co-used alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and cocaine; had no injection history; rated physical and mental health as 'fair' or lower (Salvador only); had unprotected sex; were never HIV tested; were not HIV, HBV or HCV positive; and did not use existing social or health services, but desired access to crack user specific services.

CONCLUSION

Crack users in the two Brazilian sites featured extensive socio-economic marginalization, crack and poly-drug use as well as sexual risk behaviours, and compromised health status. Social and health service utilization are low, yet needs are high. There is an urgent need for further research and for targeted interventions for crack use in Brazil.

摘要

背景

在巴西各地的城市中，吸食 crack（一种强效可卡因）已成为一个主要问题。虽然现有数据表明，吸食 crack 的人群通常集中在那些被剥夺权利的年轻人中，他们健康问题严重，且有大量犯罪行为，但是仍存在广泛的数据空白。为了解决这个问题，本研究旨在评估两个巴西城市中年轻 crack 用户的关键特征。

方法

通过社区为基础的方法，在里约热内卢（东南部）和萨尔瓦多（东北部）这两个城市中招募了 160 名常规和年轻的成年 crack 用户（年龄在 18-24 岁之间）。评估包括使用访谈者管理的问卷，了解关键的社会、药物使用、健康和服务使用特征，以及进行 HBV、HCV 和 HIV 状态的血清学检测，所有评估均在 2010 年 11 月至 2011 年 6 月之间匿名进行。参与者在完成评估后提供了知情同意并获得了交通券。该研究得到了机构伦理审查委员会的批准。

结果

大多数参与者具有以下特征：男性，受教育程度低于高中，在里约（仅在里约）中不稳定地居住；通过合法或非法工作获得收入；在过去一年中被警察逮捕（仅在萨尔瓦多）；在 Salvador 中，每日有大量 crack 使用事件并共享用具；同时使用酒精、烟草、大麻和可卡因；没有注射毒品的历史；在 Salvador 中，自我评估的身心健康状况为“一般”或更低；有不安全的性行为；从未接受过 HIV 检测；未感染 HIV、HBV 或 HCV；且不使用现有的社会或健康服务，但希望获得针对 crack 用户的特定服务。