Zhang J S, Li S H, Lou Z C
School of Pharmacy, Beijing Medical University.
Yao Xue Xue Bao. 1990;25(1):54-65.
In this paper, the morphological and histological characters of crude drugs derived from Ephedra likiangensis Florin, E. likiangensis f. mairei (Florin) C. Y. Cheng, E. saxatilis Royle ex Florin, E. gerardiana Wall, E. gerardiana var. congesta C. Y. Cheng, E. minuta Florin, E. minuta var. dioeca C. Y. Cheng, E. lepidosperma C. Y. Cheng, E. lomatolepis Schrenk and E. intermedia var. tibetica Stapf are described, compared and illustrated with line drawings. It was found that all the Ephedra spp. growing in southwester nChina possess the following features in common, viz. (1) numerous distinct longitudinal ridges are present on the stem; (2) xylem fibres and tracheids possess steep, tertiary spiral thickenings; (3) stone cells (sclereids) are absent from the nodes. According to the above characters, the drugs produced in southwestern China can be differentiated from those produced in northern China. The results also show that the histological characters of E. intermedia var tibetica Stapf produced in southeast ern Xizang (Tibet) are different from those produced in north western Xizang. The former possesses the xylem fibres and tracheids with steep, tertiary spiral thickenings, while the latter possesses sclereids at stem-nodes. It may be related to their habitat factors and interspecies hybridization. A key for identification of all the crude drugs derived from Chinese Ephedra spp. studied in this series of paper, including thirteen species, three varieties and one form is presented.
本文描述、比较了丽江麻黄、丽江麻黄藏麻黄变种、山岭麻黄、中麻黄、藏中麻黄、膜果麻黄、膜果麻黄雌雄异株变种、斑子麻黄、细子麻黄、异穗麻黄等麻黄属植物的药材形态和组织特征，并绘制线条图加以说明。研究发现，中国西南地区生长的所有麻黄属植物具有以下共同特征：（1）茎上有许多明显的纵向棱脊；（2）木质部纤维和管胞具陡的三生螺旋加厚；（3）节部无石细胞。根据上述特征，中国西南地区所产药材可与中国北方所产药材相区分。结果还表明，西藏东南部产的藏中麻黄的组织特征与西藏西北部产的不同。前者木质部纤维和管胞具陡的三生螺旋加厚，而后者茎节处有石细胞。这可能与它们的生境因素和种间杂交有关。本文给出了这一系列研究中所涉及的中国麻黄属植物所有药材（包括13个种、3个变种和1个变型）的鉴定检索表。
