Neria Yuval, Litz Brett T
New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.
J Loss Trauma. 2004 Jan 1;9(1):73-87. doi: 10.1080/15325020490255322.
When people lose intimates unexpectedly, in particular from malicious acts of violence, they are at risk for chronic grief reactions. The phenomenology, clinical symptoms, clinical needs, and risk factors associated with loss by traumatic means and the combined influences of loss and trauma exposure are yet to be systematically studied. We review the complex interplay between trauma and loss by traumatic means. The distinctions between normal and traumatic loss, and complicated and traumatic grief, are contrasted with the traditional conceptualization of posttraumatic stress disorder. The role of various mediators such as concurrent or life-span trauma exposure and interpersonal factors, particularly the degree of attachment to the individual or group traumatically lost, is discussed. We offer a more integrated and focused view of traumatic grief, its predictors, and future directions for the integrative study of trauma and loss outcomes.
当人们意外失去亲密之人，尤其是死于恶意暴力行为时，他们有产生长期悲伤反应的风险。与因创伤性方式导致的丧失相关的现象学、临床症状、临床需求和风险因素，以及丧失与创伤暴露的综合影响，尚未得到系统研究。我们回顾了创伤与因创伤性方式导致的丧失之间的复杂相互作用。正常丧失与创伤性丧失、复杂性悲伤与创伤性悲伤之间的区别，与创伤后应激障碍的传统概念形成对比。讨论了各种调节因素的作用，如同时发生的或一生的创伤暴露以及人际因素，特别是对因创伤而失去的个人或群体的依恋程度。我们提供了一个关于创伤性悲伤、其预测因素以及创伤与丧失结果综合研究未来方向的更综合、更有针对性的观点。
