Health Systems and Policy Research Group, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Glob Health Action. 2013 Apr 30;6:20343. doi: 10.3402/gha.v6i0.20343.
The Expanded Programme on Immunization was introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO) in all countries during the 1970s. Currently, this effective public health intervention is still not accessible to all. This study evaluates the change in routine vaccination coverage over time based on survey data and compares it to estimations by the WHO and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF).
Data of vaccination coverage of children less than 5 years of age was extracted from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted in 71 low- and middle-income countries during 1986-2009. Overall trends for vaccination coverage of tuberculosis, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio and measles were analysed and compared to WHO and UNICEF estimates.
From 1986 to 2009, the annual average increase in vaccination coverage of the studied diseases ranged between 1.53 and 1.96% units according to DHS data. Vaccination coverage of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio and measles was all under 80% in 2009. Non-significant differences in coverage were found between DHS data and WHO and UNICEF estimates.
The coverage of routine vaccinations in low- and middle-income countries may be lower than that previously reported. Hence, it is important to maintain and increase current vaccination levels.
世界卫生组织（WHO）于 20 世纪 70 年代在所有国家推出了扩大免疫规划。目前，这一有效的公共卫生干预措施仍未普及到所有人。本研究根据调查数据评估了随着时间的推移常规疫苗接种覆盖率的变化，并将其与世界卫生组织和联合国儿童基金会（UNICEF）的估计值进行了比较。
从 1986 年至 2009 年在 71 个中低收入国家进行的人口与健康调查（DHS）中提取了 5 岁以下儿童疫苗接种覆盖率的数据。分析了结核病、白喉、破伤风、百日咳、脊髓灰质炎和麻疹疫苗接种覆盖率的总体趋势，并与世界卫生组织和联合国儿童基金会的估计值进行了比较。
根据 DHS 数据，1986 年至 2009 年期间，所研究疾病的疫苗接种覆盖率年平均增长率在 1.53%至 1.96%之间。2009 年，白喉、破伤风、百日咳、脊髓灰质炎和麻疹的疫苗接种覆盖率均低于 80%。DHS 数据与世界卫生组织和联合国儿童基金会的估计值之间未发现覆盖率存在显著差异。
中低收入国家常规疫苗接种的覆盖率可能低于之前的报告。因此，保持和提高当前的疫苗接种水平非常重要。
