The Food and Environment Research Agency, York, UK.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2013;30(4):735-42. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2013.781684. Epub 2013 May 3.
Phthalates are ubiquitous in the environment and thus exposure to these compounds can occur in various forms. Foods are one source of such exposure. There are only a limited number of studies that describe the levels of phthalates (diesters, monoesters and phthalic acid) in foods and assess the exposure from this source. In this study the levels of selected phthalate diesters, phthalate monoesters and phthalic acid in total diet study (TDS) samples are determined and the resulting exposure estimated. The methodology for the determination of phthalic acid and nine phthalate monoesters (mono-isopropyl phthalate, mono-n-butyl phthalate, mono-isobutyl phthalate, mono-benzyl phthalate, mono-cyclohexyl phthalate, mono-n-pentyl phthalate, mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, mono-n-octyl phthalate and mono-isononyl phthalate) in foods is described. In this method phthalate monoesters and phthalic acid are extracted from the foodstuffs with a mixture of acidified acetonitrile and dichloromethane. The method uses isotope-labelled phthalic acid and phthalate monoester internal standards and is appropriate for quantitative determination in the concentration range of 5-100 µg kg⁻¹. The method was validated in-house and its broad applicability demonstrated by the analysis of high-fat, high-carbohydrate and high-protein foodstuffs as well as combinations of all three major food constituents. The methodology used for 15 major phthalate diesters has been reported elsewhere. Phthalic acid was the most prevalent phthalate, being detected in 17 food groups. The highest concentration measured was di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in fish (789 µg kg⁻¹). Low levels of mono-n-butyl phthalate and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were detected in several of the TDS animal-based food groups and the highest concentrations measured corresponded with the most abundant diesters (di-n-butyl phthalate and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate). The UK Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment (COT) considered the levels found and concluded that they did not indicate a risk to human health from dietary exposure alone.
邻苯二甲酸酯在环境中无处不在，因此人们可能会通过各种途径接触到这些化合物。食物是接触这些化合物的一个来源。目前只有少数研究描述了食物中邻苯二甲酸酯（二酯、单酯和邻苯二甲酸）的水平，并评估了这种来源的暴露情况。在这项研究中，测定了总膳食研究（TDS）样本中选定的邻苯二甲酸二酯、邻苯二甲酸单酯和邻苯二甲酸的水平，并估算了由此产生的暴露量。本文描述了测定食物中邻苯二甲酸和 9 种邻苯二甲酸单酯（邻苯二甲酸单异丙酯、邻苯二甲酸单正丁酯、邻苯二甲酸单异丁酯、邻苯二甲酸单苄酯、邻苯二甲酸单环己酯、邻苯二甲酸单正戊酯、邻苯二甲酸单（2-乙基己基）酯、邻苯二甲酸单正辛酯和邻苯二甲酸单异壬酯）的方法。在该方法中，用酸化乙腈和二氯甲烷的混合物从食品中提取邻苯二甲酸单酯和邻苯二甲酸。该方法使用同位素标记的邻苯二甲酸和邻苯二甲酸单酯内标，适用于 5-100μgkg-1浓度范围内的定量测定。该方法已在内部验证，并通过对高脂肪、高碳水化合物和高蛋白食品以及这三种主要食品成分的组合进行分析，证明了其广泛的适用性。用于 15 种主要邻苯二甲酸二酯的方法已在别处报道。邻苯二甲酸是最常见的邻苯二甲酸，在 17 种食品组中均有检出。在所测量的浓度中，鱼中的邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯含量最高（789μgkg-1）。在 TDS 动物源性食品组中的几种食品中检测到低水平的邻苯二甲酸单正丁酯和邻苯二甲酸单（2-乙基己基）酯，所测量的最高浓度与最丰富的二酯（邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯）相对应。英国食品、消费品和环境毒物学委员会（COT）审议了所发现的水平，并得出结论认为，这些水平表明人类健康不会因饮食暴露而面临风险。
