Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, MA 01760, USA.
Annu Rev Nutr. 2013;33:271-88. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071812-161205. Epub 2013 Apr 29.
Iron is a nutritionally essential trace element that functions through incorporation into proteins and enzymes, many of which contribute to physical and neuropsychological performance. Poor iron status, including iron deficiency (ID; diminished iron stores) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA; poor iron stores and diminished hemoglobin), affects billions of people worldwide. This review focuses on physical and neuropsychological outcomes associated with ID and IDA in premenopausal women, as the prevalence of ID and IDA is often greater in premenopausal women than other population demographics. Recent studies addressing the physiological effects of poor iron status on physical performance, including work productivity, voluntary activity, and athletic performance, are addressed. Similarly, the effects of iron status on neurological performance, including cognition, affect, and behavior, are summarized. Nutritional countermeasures for the prevention of poor iron status and the restoration of decrements in performance outcomes are described.
铁是一种必需的营养微量元素，通过与蛋白质和酶结合发挥作用，其中许多蛋白质和酶有助于身体和神经心理表现。全世界数以亿计的人存在铁缺乏状态，包括缺铁（铁储量减少）和缺铁性贫血（铁储量减少和血红蛋白含量降低）。本篇综述重点关注铁缺乏和缺铁性贫血对绝经前妇女的身体和神经心理影响，因为与其他人群相比，铁缺乏和缺铁性贫血在绝经前妇女中更为常见。文中还讨论了近期研究中关于铁缺乏状态对身体表现（包括工作效率、自愿活动和运动表现）的生理影响，以及铁状态对神经表现（包括认知、情绪和行为）的影响。文中还描述了预防铁缺乏状态和恢复身体表现下降的营养对策。
