Institute of Work, Health, & Organisations, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom.
Health Psychol. 2013 May;32(5):571-80. doi: 10.1037/a0029859.
We investigated whether research on stereotype priming effects can increase understanding of binge drinking among young people. Four studies tested whether evaluations of the binge drinker stereotype have a direct and automatic effect on binge drinking behavior, and whether a self-regulation intervention can overcome stereotype effects on drinking behavior.
Studies 1a and 1b were prospective surveys conducted over two weeks. Study 2 was a field experiment with a 1-week behavioral follow-up. Study 3 was an exploratory RCT that tested whether implementation intentions can override binge drinker stereotype effects on behavior over one month. Participants were college students (Studies 1a, 1b, and 2; Ns = 226, 72, and 255, respectively) and school-age youth (Study 3, N = 202).
Correlational (Studies 1a and 1b) and experimental (Study 2) evidence indicated that favorable binge drinker stereotypes had direct effects on binge drinking among experienced drinkers. These effects were automatic in the sense that participants were neither aware of, nor intended, this influence. Study 3 showed that implementation intentions geared at increasing self-focused attention overcame stereotype effects on binge drinking behavior.
These findings suggest that stereotype priming research can offer valuable insights into binge drinking behavior. Implications for health behavior theories and behavior change interventions are outlined.
我们考察了关于刻板印象启动效应的研究是否能增进对年轻人狂饮行为的理解。四项研究检验了对狂饮者刻板印象的评价是否对狂饮行为具有直接的、自动的影响，以及自我调节干预是否能克服对饮酒行为的刻板印象效应。
研究 1a 和 1b 是为期两周的前瞻性调查。研究 2 是一项为期一周行为随访的现场实验。研究 3 是一项探索性 RCT，检验实施意向是否能在一个月内克服对行为的狂饮者刻板印象效应。参与者为大学生（研究 1a、1b 和 2；n 分别为 226、72 和 255）和学龄青年（研究 3，n = 202）。
相关（研究 1a 和 1b）和实验（研究 2）证据表明，有利的狂饮者刻板印象对有经验饮酒者的狂饮行为有直接影响。这些影响是自动的，因为参与者既没有意识到，也没有意图影响这种影响。研究 3 表明，旨在增加自我关注的实施意向克服了对狂饮行为的刻板印象效应。
这些发现表明，刻板印象启动研究可以为狂饮行为提供有价值的见解。概述了对健康行为理论和行为改变干预的影响。
