School of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China 210023.
J Agric Food Chem. 2013 May 29;61(21):5103-13. doi: 10.1021/jf400556s. Epub 2013 May 16.
Consumption of whole grains has been associated with reduced risk of developing major chronic diseases. These health benefits have been attributed in part to their unique phytochemicals. Little is known about the complete profiles of phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of different adlay varieties. The objectives of this study were to determine the phytochemicals profiles of the three adlay varieties, including both free and bound of total phenolics and total flavonoids, and to determine the total antioxidant activity of adlay. The free, bound, and total phenolic contents of adlay samples ranged from 31.23 to 45.19 mg of gallic acid equiv/100 g of sample, from 28.07 to 30.86 mg of gallic acid equiv/100 g of sample, and from 59.30 to 76.04 mg of gallic acid equiv/100 g of sample, respectively. On average, the bound phenolics contributed 45.3% of total phenolic content of the adlay varieties analyzed. The free, bound, and total flavonoid contents of adlay samples ranged from 6.21 to 18.24 mg of catechin equiv/100 g, from 18.68 to 35.27 mg of catechin equiv/100 g, and from 24.88 to 52.86 mg of catechin equiv/100 g, respectively. The average values of bound flavonoids contributed 71.1% of total flavonoids of the adlay varieties analyzed. The percentage contribution of flavonoid content to phenolic content of free, bound, and total ranged from 11.6 to 35.2%, from 50.5 to 66.8%, and from 24.6 to 50.5%. The free, bound, and total oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values of adlay samples ranged from 231.9 to 316.6 mg of Trolox equiv/100 g, from 209.0 to 351.4 mg of Trolox equiv/100 g, and from 440.9 to 668.0 mg of Trolox equiv/100 g, respectively. The average ORAC values of bound phytochemicals contributed 48.1% of total antioxidant activity of the adlay varieties analyzed. The content of total polyphenol and the antioxidant capacity are obviously different among different species. Liaoning 5 adlay and Longyi 1 adlay are significantly better than Guizhou heigu adlay. The adlay extracts have obvious proliferate inhibition on human liver cancer cells, and substantially in the experimental concentration range, the adlay sample itself has no cytotoxicity. Knowing the phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activity of adlay gives insights to its potential application to promote health.
全谷物的消费与降低发生主要慢性疾病的风险有关。这些健康益处部分归因于它们独特的植物化学物质。关于不同薏米品种的植物化学物质和抗氧化活性的完整概况知之甚少。本研究的目的是确定三种薏米品种的植物化学物质概况，包括游离和结合的总酚和总类黄酮，并确定薏米的总抗氧化活性。薏米样品的游离、结合和总酚含量范围分别为 31.23 至 45.19mg 没食子酸当量/100g 样品、28.07 至 30.86mg 没食子酸当量/100g 样品和 59.30 至 76.04mg 没食子酸当量/100g 样品。平均而言，结合酚占分析的薏米品种总酚含量的 45.3%。薏米样品的游离、结合和总类黄酮含量范围分别为 6.21 至 18.24mg 儿茶素当量/100g、18.68 至 35.27mg 儿茶素当量/100g 和 24.88 至 52.86mg 儿茶素当量/100g。结合类黄酮的平均值占分析的薏米品种总类黄酮的 71.1%。游离、结合和总酚类化合物中类黄酮含量的百分比分别为 11.6%至 35.2%、50.5%至 66.8%和 24.6%至 50.5%。薏米样品的游离、结合和总氧自由基吸收能力（ORAC）值范围分别为 231.9 至 316.6mg Trolox 当量/100g、209.0 至 351.4mg Trolox 当量/100g 和 440.9 至 668.0mg Trolox 当量/100g。结合植物化学物质的平均 ORAC 值占分析的薏米品种总抗氧化活性的 48.1%。不同物种之间总多酚含量和抗氧化能力差异明显。辽宁 5 号薏米和龙一 1 号薏米明显优于贵州黑谷薏米。薏米提取物对人肝癌细胞具有明显的增殖抑制作用，并且在实验浓度范围内，薏米样品本身没有细胞毒性。了解薏米的植物化学物质概况和抗氧化活性可以洞察其在促进健康方面的潜在应用。
