Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet/Stockholm University, Gävlegatan 16, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden.
Prev Med. 2013 Aug;57(2):107-12. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.04.016. Epub 2013 May 3.
To examine how trajectories of smoking observed over a 34-year period, were associated with the progression of mobility impairment, musculoskeletal pain, and symptoms of psychological distress from midlife to old age.
The Swedish Level of Living Survey (LNU) and the Swedish Panel Study of the Oldest Old (SWEOLD) were merged to create a nationally representative longitudinal sample of Swedish adults (aged 30-50 at baseline; n=1060), with four observation periods, from 1968 through 2002. Five discrete smoking trajectory groups were treated as predictors of variation in health trajectories using multilevel regression.
At baseline, there were no differences in mobility impairment between smoking trajectory groups. Over time all smokers, particularly persistent and former heavy smokers, exhibited faster increases in mobility problems compared with persistent non-smokers. Additionally, all smoking groups reported more pain symptoms than the non-smokers, at baseline and over time, but most of these differences did not reach statistical significance. Persistent heavy smokers reported elevated levels of psychological distress at baseline and over time.
Smokers, and even some former smokers, who survive into old age appear to be at increased risk for non-life-threatening conditions that can diminish quality of life and increase demands for services.
探究在 34 年的时间里观察到的吸烟轨迹与从中年到老年期间运动功能障碍、肌肉骨骼疼痛和心理困扰症状的进展有何关联。
将瑞典生活水平调查（LNU）和瑞典最年长老年人小组研究（SWEOLD）合并，创建了一个具有全国代表性的瑞典成年人纵向样本（基线时年龄为 30-50 岁；n=1060），共包括 4 个观察期，从 1968 年至 2002 年。使用多层回归将五个离散的吸烟轨迹组作为健康轨迹变化的预测因子进行处理。
在基线时，吸烟轨迹组之间在运动功能障碍方面没有差异。随着时间的推移，所有吸烟者，尤其是持续和以前的重度吸烟者，与持续不吸烟者相比，运动问题的增加速度更快。此外，所有吸烟组在基线和随访期间都报告了更多的疼痛症状，但大多数差异没有达到统计学意义。持续的重度吸烟者在基线和随访期间报告了更高水平的心理困扰。
进入老年期的吸烟者，甚至是一些曾经的吸烟者，似乎面临着非危及生命的疾病的风险增加，这些疾病会降低生活质量并增加对服务的需求。
