Fraunhofer Institute Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Dept. Product Safety and Analysis, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany.
Environ Int. 2013 Jul;57-58:42-9. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.03.010. Epub 2013 May 5.
Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOH) are important precursors of perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCA). These neutral and volatile compounds are frequently found in indoor air and may contribute to the overall human exposure to per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS). In this study air samples of ten workplace environments and a car interior were analysed. In addition, extracts and emissions from selected outdoor textiles were analysed in order to establish their potential contribution to the indoor levels of the above-mentioned compounds. Concentrations of FTOHs measured in air ranged from 0.15 to 46.8, 0.25 to 286, and 0.11 to 57.5ng/m(3) for 6:2, 8:2 and 10:2 FTOHs, respectively. The highest concentrations in air were identified in shops selling outdoor clothing, indicating outdoor textiles to be a relevant source of FTOH in indoor workplace environments. Total amounts of FTOH in materials of outdoor textiles accounted for <0.8-7.6, 12.1-180.9 and 4.65-105.7μg/dm(2) for 6:2, 8:2 and 10:2 FTOHs, respectively. Emission from selected textiles revealed emission rates of up to 494ng/h. The measured data show that a) FTOHs are present in indoor textiles (e.g. carpets), b) they are released at ambient temperatures and c) indoor air of shops selling outdoor textiles contains the highest levels of FTOH. Exposure of humans to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) through absorption of FTOH and subsequent degradation is discussed on the basis of indoor air levels. Calculation of indoor air-related exposure using the median of the measured air levels revealed that exposure is on the same order of magnitude as the recently reported dietary intakes for a background-exposed population. On the basis of the 95th percentile, indoor air exposure to PFOA was estimated to exceed dietary exposure. However, indoor air-related intakes of FTOH are far below the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of PFOA, indicating that there is no risk to health, even when assuming an unrealistic complete degradation of FTOH into PFOA.
氟调聚物醇（FTOH）是全氟羧酸（PFCA）的重要前体。这些中性和挥发性化合物经常在室内空气中发现，可能导致人体对全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）的整体暴露。在这项研究中，分析了十个工作场所环境和一辆汽车内部的空气样本。此外，还分析了选定户外纺织品的提取物和排放物，以确定它们对上述化合物室内水平的潜在贡献。空气中 FTOH 的浓度范围为 0.15 至 46.8、0.25 至 286 和 0.11 至 57.5ng/m(3)，分别为 6:2、8:2 和 10:2 FTOH。空气中浓度最高的是销售户外服装的商店，表明户外纺织品是室内工作场所环境中 FTOH 的一个相关来源。户外纺织品材料中 FTOH 的总量分别为 0.8-7.6、12.1-180.9 和 4.65-105.7μg/dm(2)，分别为 6:2、8:2 和 10:2 FTOH。选定纺织品的排放表明，排放率高达 494ng/h。测量数据表明，a）FTOH 存在于室内纺织品（如地毯）中，b）它们在环境温度下释放，c）销售户外纺织品的商店的室内空气中含有最高水平的 FTOH。基于室内空气水平，讨论了人类通过吸收 FTOH 和随后的降解而接触全氟辛酸（PFOA）的情况。使用测量的空气水平中位数计算与室内空气相关的暴露表明，暴露量与背景暴露人群最近报告的饮食摄入量处于同一数量级。基于 95%百分位，室内空气接触 PFOA 的估计值超过了饮食暴露。然而，与室内空气相关的 FTOH 摄入量远低于全氟辛酸的可耐受日摄入量（TDI），表明即使假设 FTOH 完全降解为 PFOA 是不现实的，也不会对健康造成风险。
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