MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
Environ Int. 2012 Feb;39(1):172-80. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2011.09.004. Epub 2011 Dec 3.
A total of 27 per- and polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were determined in both house dust (n=10) and indoor air (n=10) from selected homes in Catalonia, Spain. Concentrations were found to be similar or lower than those previously reported for household microenvironments in other countries. Ten PFCs were detected in all house dust samples. The highest mean concentrations corresponded to perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), 10.7 ng/g (median: 1.5 ng/g) and 10.4 ng/g (median: 5.4 ng/g), respectively, while the 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (FTOH) was the dominating neutral PFC at a concentration of 0.41 ng/g (median: 0.35 ng/g). The indoor air was dominated by the FTOHs, especially the 8:2 FTOH at a mean (median) concentration of 51 pg/m(3) (median: 42 pg/m(3)). A limited number of ionic PFCs were also detected in the indoor air samples. Daily intakes of PFCs were estimated for average and worst case scenarios of human exposure from indoor sources. For toddlers, this resulted in average intakes of ∑ionic PFCs of 4.9ng/day (0.33 ng/kg(bw)/day for a 15 kg toddlers) and ∑neutral PFCs of 0.072 ng/day (0.005 ng/kg(bw)/day) from house dust. For adults, the average daily intakes of dust were 3.6 and 0.053 ng/day (0.05 and 0.001 ng/kg(bw)/day for a 70 kg adult) for ∑ionic and ∑neutral PFCs, respectively. The average daily inhalation of ∑neutral PFCs was estimated to be 0.9 and 1.3 ng/day (0.06 and 0.02 ng/kg(bw)/day) for toddlers and adults, respectively. For PFOS, the main ionic PFC detected in indoor air samples, the median intakes (based on those samples where PFOS was detected), resulted in indoor exposures of 0.06 and 0.11 ng/day (0.004 and 0.002 ng/kg(bw)/day) for toddlers and adults, respectively. Based on previous studies on dietary intake and drinking water consumption, both house dust and indoor air contribute significantly less to PFC exposure within this population.
在西班牙加泰罗尼亚的一些家庭中，共检测到 27 种全氟和多氟化合物（PFCs），包括室内灰尘（n=10）和室内空气（n=10）。结果表明，这些浓度与其他国家家庭微环境中先前报道的浓度相似或更低。在所有的室内灰尘样本中均检测到 10 种 PFCs。最高的平均浓度分别对应于全氟癸酸（PFDA）和全氟壬酸（PFNA），浓度分别为 10.7ng/g（中位数：1.5ng/g）和 10.4ng/g（中位数：5.4ng/g），而 8:2 氟代醇（FTOH）是中性 PFC 中浓度最高的，浓度为 0.41ng/g（中位数：0.35ng/g）。室内空气中主要是 FTOHs，尤其是 8:2 FTOH，平均（中位数）浓度为 51pg/m3（中位数：42pg/m3）。在室内空气样本中还检测到了少量的离子型 PFCs。根据室内源人体暴露的平均和最坏情况，估算了 PFCs 的日摄入量。对于幼儿，从室内灰尘中摄入的∑离子型 PFCs 的平均摄入量为 4.9ng/天（15kg 幼儿的摄入量为 0.33ng/kg（bw）/天），∑中性 PFCs 的平均摄入量为 0.072ng/天（0.005ng/kg（bw）/天）。对于成年人，灰尘的平均日摄入量分别为 3.6ng/天和 0.053ng/天（70kg 成年人的摄入量分别为 0.05ng/kg（bw）/天和 0.001ng/kg（bw）/天），分别为∑离子型和∑中性 PFCs。估计幼儿和成年人每天通过吸入摄入的∑中性 PFCs 的平均值分别为 0.9ng/天和 1.3ng/天（0.06ng/kg（bw）/天和 0.02ng/kg（bw）/天）。对于在室内空气中检测到的主要离子型 PFCs——全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS），基于检测到 PFOS 的样本，摄入中位数导致幼儿和成年人的室内暴露分别为 0.06ng/天和 0.11ng/天（0.004ng/kg（bw）/天和 0.002ng/kg（bw）/天）。基于对饮食摄入和饮用水消耗的先前研究，在该人群中，室内灰尘和室内空气对 PFC 暴露的贡献都明显较小。
