Jovanović Milos, Bobić-Radovanović Anica, Vuković Dragan, Knezević Miroslav, Risović Dusica
University of Belgrade.
Acta Chir Iugosl. 2012;59(3):73-6. doi: 10.2298/aci1203073j.
The study describes ocular injuries caused by airsoft guns pellets, type of these injuries and their incidence in different age groups.
This is a retrospective review of medical charts of patients who were hospitalized due to airsoft guns ocular injuries in ten-year period (from 2000 to 2009). Patient's age, gender, duration of hospitalization, type of treatment and initial and final visual acuity were analyzed.
Overall 92 patients with ocular injuries caused by airsoft gun pellets were hospitalized in ten-year period. In all patients only one eye was injured and there were 72 (78.3%) male patients. Injuries involved ocular adnexa, anterior and posterior segment of the eye. On initial examination 41 (44.6%) patients were presented with subconjunctival hemorrhages, 42 (45.6%) with corneal abrasion, 42 (45.6%) patients had corneal edema, 6 (6.5%) had traumatic mydriasis, 90 (97.8%) patients exhibited hyphema, 10 (10.9%) iridodialysis, in 27 (29.3%) patients high intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured, one patient had subluxation of intraocular lens (IOL) and one patient had traumatic cataract. Posterior segment findings included vitreous hemorrhage in 3 (3.3%) patients, retinal hemorrhage in 15 (16.3%) patients, retinal edema in 35 (38.0%) patients and one patient had globe rupture. Average duration of hospitalization was 5.7 days (range from 1 to 18 days). Three patients (3.3%) required eye surgery, eight patients (8.7%) had anterior chamber washout while rest of the patients were conservatively managed. Visual acuity at hospital release was significantly improved comparing to initial visual acuity, ranging from counting fingers at 1 meter to 20/60 in 7 (8.6%) patients, from 20/50 to 20/30 in 13 (16.0%) patients and from 20/25 to 20/20 in 61 (75.3%) patients. In 11 patients testing the visual acuity was not possible because of their young age.
Injuries attributed to airsoft guns were confined mostly to anterior segment. There was also high percentage of severe posterior segment trauma requiring hospital admission. The most important factors in preventing such injuries are restricting access to airsoft guns, especially to minors, as well as mandatory use of protective equipment such as protective eyeglasses.
本研究描述了气枪子弹造成的眼部损伤、这些损伤的类型及其在不同年龄组中的发生率。
这是一项对在十年期间（2000年至2009年）因气枪眼部损伤住院患者的病历进行的回顾性研究。分析了患者的年龄、性别、住院时间、治疗类型以及初始和最终视力。
在十年期间，共有92名气枪子弹造成眼部损伤的患者住院。所有患者均仅一只眼睛受伤，男性患者有72名（78.3%）。损伤累及眼附属器、眼球前段和后段。初次检查时，41名（44.6%）患者出现结膜下出血，42名（45.6%）患者有角膜擦伤，42名（45.6%）患者有角膜水肿，6名（6.5%）患者有外伤性瞳孔散大，90名（97.8%）患者出现前房积血，10名（10.9%）患者有虹膜根部离断，27名（29.3%）患者测量到高眼压，1名患者有人工晶状体半脱位，1名患者有外伤性白内障。后段检查结果包括3名（3.3%）患者有玻璃体积血，15名（16.3%）患者有视网膜出血，35名（38.0%）患者有视网膜水肿，1名患者有眼球破裂。平均住院时间为5.7天（范围为1至18天）。3名患者（3.3%）需要进行眼科手术，8名患者（8.7%）进行了前房冲洗，其余患者接受保守治疗。出院时的视力与初始视力相比有显著改善。7名（8.6%）患者的视力从1米处数指提高到20/60，13名（16.0%）患者从20/50提高到20/30，61名（75.3%）患者从20/25提高到20/20。11名患者因年龄小无法进行视力测试。
气枪造成的损伤主要局限于前段。也有相当比例的严重后段创伤需要住院治疗。预防此类损伤的最重要因素是限制气枪的获取，特别是对未成年人，以及强制使用防护设备，如防护眼镜。
