Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2013 Jul;16(4):440-5. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e328361c7d1.
Recent findings suggest that high-sugar diets can lead to cognitive impairment predisposing to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. This article discusses metabolic derangements induced by high-fructose/sucrose diets and presents evidence for the involvement of insulin resistance in sporadic Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.
There has been much concern regarding the role of dietary sugars (fructose/sucrose) in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Accumulating evidence has also demonstrated a connection between T2D and Alzheimer's disease. The risk for developing T2D and Alzheimer's disease increases exponentially with age and having T2D increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.
The incidence of T2D increased dramatically over the last decades mainly due to Western lifestyle factors such as lack of exercise and high calorie diets. In fact, high-sugar diets are thought to promote weight gain and insulin resistance predisposing to T2D. To aggravate this scenario, it has been consistently shown that T2D is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and both disorders share similar demographic profiles, risk factors, and clinical and biochemical features (e.g. insulin resistance). Therefore, dietary changes can significantly reduce the risk of T2D and Alzheimer's disease and thereby increase the quality of life and improve longevity.
综述目的：最近的研究结果表明，高糖饮食可能导致认知障碍，从而易患阿尔茨海默病等神经退行性疾病。本文讨论了高果糖/蔗糖饮食引起的代谢紊乱，并提出了胰岛素抵抗在散发性阿尔茨海默病发病机制中的作用的证据。
最近的发现：人们非常关注饮食糖（果糖/蔗糖）在 2 型糖尿病（T2D）发展中的作用。越来越多的证据表明，T2D 与阿尔茨海默病之间存在联系。患 T2D 和阿尔茨海默病的风险随着年龄的增长呈指数级增长，而且患有 T2D 会增加患阿尔茨海默病的风险。
总结：过去几十年，T2D 的发病率急剧上升，主要是由于西方生活方式因素，如缺乏运动和高卡路里饮食。事实上，高糖饮食被认为会导致体重增加和胰岛素抵抗，从而易患 T2D。更糟糕的是，研究一致表明，T2D 是阿尔茨海默病的一个风险因素，这两种疾病具有相似的人口统计学特征、风险因素和临床及生化特征（如胰岛素抵抗）。因此，饮食改变可以显著降低 T2D 和阿尔茨海默病的风险，从而提高生活质量和延长寿命。
