Montesi Luca, Moscatiello Simona, Malavolti Marcella, Marzocchi Rebecca, Marchesini Giulio
Unit of Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Dietetics, "Alma Mater Studiorum" University, Bologna, Italy.
Intern Emerg Med. 2013 Dec;8(8):655-66. doi: 10.1007/s11739-013-0953-7. Epub 2013 May 9.
Metabolic syndrome and its various features (obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) are increasing worldwide and constitute a severe risk for the sustainability of the present universal Italian health care system. Lifestyle interventions should be the first therapeutic strategy to prevent/treat metabolic diseases, far before pharmacologic treatment. The role of diet and weight loss has been fully ascertained, whereas the role of physical activity is frequently overlooked both by physicians and by patients. Physical activity has favorable effects on all components of the metabolic syndrome and on the resulting cardiovascular risk, the cornerstone in the development of cardiometabolic diseases. The quantity and the frequency of physical activity necessary to produce beneficial effects has not been defined as yet, but brisk walking is considered particularly appropriate, as it can be practiced by a large number of individuals, without any additional cost, and has a low rate of injury. The effects of exercise and leisure time physical activity extend from prevention to treatment of the various components of the metabolic syndrome, as well as to mood and quality of life. Any effort should be done to favor adherence to protocols of physical activity in the community.
代谢综合征及其各种特征（肥胖、高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病和非酒精性脂肪性肝病）在全球范围内呈上升趋势，对当前意大利全民医疗保健系统的可持续性构成严重风险。生活方式干预应是预防/治疗代谢性疾病的首要治疗策略，远早于药物治疗。饮食和体重减轻的作用已得到充分证实，而体育活动的作用却常常被医生和患者忽视。体育活动对代谢综合征的所有组成部分以及由此产生的心血管风险都有积极影响，而心血管风险是心脏代谢疾病发展的基石。产生有益效果所需的体育活动量和频率尚未确定，但快走被认为特别合适，因为它可以被大量人群进行，无需任何额外费用，且受伤率低。运动和休闲时间的体育活动的影响从代谢综合征各组成部分的预防延伸到治疗，以及对情绪和生活质量的影响。应尽一切努力促进社区中对体育活动方案的依从性。
