Department of Food Science, Dairy Technology, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2013 Aug;45(8):1730-47. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.04.028. Epub 2013 May 6.
The human newborn infant is susceptible to gut inflammatory disorders. In particular, growth-restricted infants or infants born prematurely may develop a severe form of intestinal inflammation known as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), which has a high mortality. Milk provides a multitude of proteins with anti-inflammatory properties and in this review we gather together some recent significant advances regarding the isolation and proteomic identification of these minor constituents of both human and bovine milk. We introduce the process of inflammation, with a focus on the immature gut, and describe how a multitude of milk proteins act against the inflammatory process according to both in vitro and in vivo studies. We highlight the effects of milk proteins such as caseins, and of whey proteins such as alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, lactoferrin, osteopontin, immunoglobulins, trefoil factors, lactoperoxidase, superoxide dismutase, platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, alkaline phosphatase, and growth factors (TGF-β, IGF-I and IGF-II, EGF, HB-EGF). The effects of milk fat globule proteins, such as TLR-2, TLR-4, sCD14 and MFG-E8/lactadherin, are also discussed. Finally, we indicate how milk proteins could be useful for the prophylaxis and therapy of intestinal inflammation in infants and children.
人类新生儿易患肠道炎症性疾病。特别是生长受限的婴儿或早产儿可能会发展为一种严重的肠道炎症，即坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC），其死亡率很高。牛奶提供了许多具有抗炎特性的蛋白质，在这篇综述中，我们汇集了一些关于人乳和牛乳中这些微量成分的分离和蛋白质组学鉴定的最新重要进展。我们介绍了炎症的发生过程，重点介绍了未成熟的肠道，并根据体外和体内研究描述了许多牛奶蛋白如何对抗炎症过程。我们强调了牛奶蛋白（如酪蛋白）和乳清蛋白（如α-乳白蛋白、β-乳球蛋白、乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白、免疫球蛋白、三叶因子、乳过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、血小板激活因子乙酰水解酶、碱性磷酸酶和生长因子（TGF-β、IGF-I 和 IGF-II、EGF、HB-EGF）的作用。还讨论了牛奶脂肪球蛋白（如 TLR-2、TLR-4、sCD14 和 MFG-E8/乳粘连蛋白）的作用。最后，我们指出牛奶蛋白如何可用于预防和治疗婴儿和儿童的肠道炎症。
