University of Liverpool, Lark House, Clapton on the Hill, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, GL54 2 LG, UK.
Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2013 Sep;69(9):1635-9. doi: 10.1007/s00228-013-1519-3. Epub 2013 May 10.
In order to discover how well the discipline of clinical pharmacology (CP) has developed in Europe, a questionnaire survey was undertaken in 31 countries.
The senior delegate of each of the 31 countries on the Council of the European Association for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (EACPT) was approached personally. This study was not an official EACPT survey.
Based on the results of the completed survey forms, CP is recognized as an academic discipline in teaching and research fields in 28 of the 31 participating countries, but as a medical specialty in only 22 of these 31 countries. Surprisingly, France and Italy were two of the nine countries where CP was not recognized as a medical specialty. In 50 % of the countries where CP was recognized as a medical specialty, this recognition had occurred more than 30 years ago. The training of clinical pharmacologists in terms of years after internship varied between the countries. In eight countries the training was predominantly in internal medicine with shorter periods in pharmacology. In 11 countries the training was predominantly in CP, and in six countries there was dual training in pharmacology and clinical medicine. The training played a decisive role in terms of the clinical functions undertaken in health care. There was considerable variation in the numbers of clinical pharmacologists in each country, with the total figure varying between ≤ 10 to 600. In terms of the number of clinical pharmacologists per million inhabitants, nine countries have ≤ 1 (Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Poland, Turkey and UK) while four have ≥ 10 (Hungary, Norway, Slovakia and Sweden). Stumbling blocks which inhibit the development of CP as a discipline in health care are the lack of defined functions and consultant posts for clinical pharmacologists in health care in many countries and the underrepresentation of CP in pre- and postgraduate curricula.
The majority of the responding countries suggested that EACPT should prioritize that CP becomes recognized and accredited as a European medical specialty.
为了了解临床药理学（CP）在欧洲的发展情况，我们对 31 个国家进行了问卷调查。
我们亲自联系了欧洲临床药理学和治疗学协会（EACPT）理事会的 31 个国家中的每一个国家的高级代表。这项研究不是 EACPT 的正式调查。
根据已完成的调查问卷的结果，CP 在参与的 31 个国家中的 28 个国家的教学和研究领域被视为一门学科，但在这 31 个国家中仅有 22 个国家将其视为医学专业。令人惊讶的是，法国和意大利是九个未将 CP 视为医学专业的国家之一。在将 CP 确认为医学专业的 50%的国家中，这种认可已经发生了 30 多年。各国的临床药理学家培训时间长短不一。在 8 个国家中，培训主要在内科学领域，药理学的培训时间较短。在 11 个国家中，培训主要在 CP 领域，在 6 个国家中，同时进行药理学和临床医学的双重培训。培训在医疗保健中承担的临床职能方面发挥了决定性作用。每个国家的临床药理学家人数差异很大，总人数从 ≤ 10 到 600 不等。按照每百万居民中的临床药理学家人数，有 9 个国家的人数 ≤ 1（比利时、保加利亚、法国、希腊、意大利、立陶宛、波兰、土耳其和英国），而有 4 个国家的人数 ≥ 10（匈牙利、挪威、斯洛伐克和瑞典）。许多国家缺乏对临床药理学家在医疗保健中的明确职能和顾问职位，CP 在研究生和预科课程中的代表性不足，这是阻碍 CP 作为一门医疗保健学科发展的绊脚石。
大多数回复的国家建议 EACPT 应优先考虑将 CP 确认为欧洲医学专业。
