AgResearch Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, East Street, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Meat Sci. 2013 Dec;95(4):805-20. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.04.028. Epub 2013 Apr 15.
The worldwide volume and value of trade in halal and kosher meat and co-products are huge. Muslim countries alone consumed meat estimated to be worth USD 57.2 billion in 2008. The halal and kosher principles that govern the production of red meat have many similarities, as well as some fundamental differences. Perhaps the most significant difference is that at the time of slaughter, the animal needs only to be alive to meet the minimum halal requirement, but must be both alive and conscious for kosher. It is for this reason that reversible pre-slaughter stunning is acceptable only for halal meat, although a compromise form of post-slaughter stunning is now considered kosher in some countries. Extensive research on animal physiology and welfare has characterised and optimised the methods for stunning livestock, and enabled advancement in associated technologies. This forms the basis for harmonising the religious and secular requirements for the protection of animal welfare at slaughter. These technologies and the associated processing practices for the industrial production of halal and kosher meat are reviewed in this paper.
全球清真和犹太洁食肉类及副产品的贸易量和贸易额巨大。仅穆斯林国家 2008 年的肉类消费估计就价值 572 亿美元。在红肉生产方面，指导清真和犹太洁食生产的原则有许多相似之处，但也存在一些根本差异。也许最显著的差异是，在屠宰时，动物只需活着就符合最低的清真要求，但必须是活的且有意识的才能符合犹太洁食要求。正是出于这个原因，可逆性预屠宰致昏仅适用于清真肉，尽管在一些国家，现在已经考虑到一种妥协形式的屠宰后致昏是符合犹太洁食要求的。对动物生理学和福利的广泛研究已经对用于使牲畜致昏的方法进行了描述和优化，并推动了相关技术的进步。这为协调在屠宰时保护动物福利的宗教和世俗要求奠定了基础。本文综述了用于工业生产清真和犹太洁食肉类的这些技术和相关加工实践。
