1.The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK. E-mail
J Leukoc Biol. 2013 Oct;94(4):603-12. doi: 10.1189/jlb.1112564. Epub 2013 May 10.
Neutrophil chemotaxis is a process by which individual cells sense a gradient of chemoattractant, polarize, and then migrate toward the chemoattractant. Many features of chemotaxis are shared with other forms of cell migration. We continue to expand our understanding of the mechanisms governing these features. The rapid process through which neutrophils polarize when placed into a gradient of chemoattractant remains least well-understood. Several key molecular players involved in the regulation of polarization have been identified. However, crosstalk among the different molecular players is required to polarize the cell and to maintain cell polarity during directional migration. The mechanism(s) by which this occurs are the subject of current investigations using experimental and computational approaches. Here, we review progress in the field, putting recent observations into context with established findings. We concentrate on the signaling processes regulated by PI3Ks, their lipid products, the role of Rho-family small GTPases, and crosstalk between these important families of regulators.
中性粒细胞趋化作用是一个细胞个体感知趋化因子梯度、极化、然后向趋化因子迁移的过程。趋化作用的许多特征与其他形式的细胞迁移共享。我们继续扩大对控制这些特征的机制的理解。当将中性粒细胞置于趋化因子梯度中时，其极化的快速过程仍然是理解最少的。已经确定了几个参与调节极化的关键分子参与者。然而，不同分子参与者之间的串扰对于极化细胞和在定向迁移过程中维持细胞极性是必需的。目前正在使用实验和计算方法研究发生这种情况的机制。在这里，我们综述了该领域的进展，将最近的观察结果与已建立的发现联系起来。我们专注于 PI3K 调节的信号转导过程、它们的脂质产物、Rho 家族小 GTPases 的作用以及这些重要调节剂家族之间的串扰。
