Duan Hua-ping, Sun Qing-fang, Wang Liang, Zhu Lin, Feng Jin-fei, Bian Xin-min
College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2010 Apr;31(4):911-7.
The characteristics such as wide area, dispersion and randomness of agricultural and rural pollution make it difficult to seize the key to pollution control in rural areas. On the scale of township, using inventory analysis, accounting for emissions and emission intensity of the chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in Changshu, Jiangsu Province, which exists in a total of 4 classes and 6 kinds of agricultural and rural sources such as farmland cultivation (chemical fertilizer application and crop straw abandoned), animal breeding, aquaculture, rural life (domestic sewage and human waste, solid waste), using cluster analysis, identify the prior regions and the prior pollution sources for agricultural and rural pollution control by the sensitivity evaluation, and make agricultural and rural pollution control and management measures more focused. It shows that: in 2007, COD, TN and TP emissions of agricultural and rural pollution sources were 5496.07, 4161.03, and 647.54 t x a(-1), and the emission intensity of COD, TN and TP was 48.84, 36.98, and 5.75 kg x hm(-2). The main pollution source of COD was rural life and aquaculture, and the contribution rate was more than 75%; the main pollution source of TN and TP was agricultural cultivation and aquaculture, and the contribution rate was more than 80%. The sensitivity evaluation identified that the town of Guli and Shajiabang were the prior regions for agricultural and rural pollution control in Changshu; farmland cultivation and aquaculture were the prior pollution sources in the two areas.
农业农村污染具有面积广、分散、随机性强等特点，使得农村污染治理难以抓住关键。以乡镇为尺度，运用清单分析法，核算江苏省常熟市农田种植（化肥施用、农作物秸秆丢弃）、畜禽养殖、水产养殖、农村生活（生活污水与粪便、固体废弃物）等4大类6种农业农村源中化学需氧量（COD）、总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）的排放量及排放强度，采用聚类分析法，通过敏感性评价确定农业农村污染治理的优先区域和优先污染源，使农业农村污染治理措施更具针对性。结果表明：2007年，农业农村污染源COD、TN、TP排放量分别为5496.07、4161.03、647.54 t·a-1，COD、TN、TP排放强度分别为48.84、36.98、5.75 kg·hm-2。COD的主要污染源为农村生活和水产养殖，贡献率超过75%；TN和TP的主要污染源为农业种植和水产养殖，贡献率超过80%。敏感性评价确定古里镇和沙家浜镇为常熟市农业农村污染治理的优先区域；农田种植和水产养殖为这两个区域的优先污染源。
