1Copenhagen Centre for Team Sports and Health, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK; 2Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, DENMARK; 3Steno Diabetes Center, Copenhagen and Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DENMARK; 4Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Devon, UNITED KINGDOM; and 5Department of Cardiology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, DENMARK.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013 Dec;45(12):2223-33. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31829ab43c.
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, which is worsened by physical inactivity. Subclinical myocardial dysfunction is associated with increased risk of heart failure and impaired prognosis in T2DM; however, it is not clear if exercise training can counteract the early signs of diabetic heart disease.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soccer training on cardiac function, exercise capacity, and blood pressure in middle-age men with T2DM.
Twenty-one men age 49.8 ± 1.7 yr with T2DM and no history of cardiovascular disease participated in a soccer training group (n = 12) that trained 1 h twice a week or a control group (n = 9) with no change in lifestyle. Examinations included comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography, measurements of blood pressure, maximal oxygen consumption (V(˙)O(2max)), and intermittent endurance capacity before and after 12 and 24 wk. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was applied.
After 24 wk of soccer training, left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic diameter and volume were increased (P < 0.001) compared to baseline. LV longitudinal systolic displacement was augmented by 23% (P < 0.001) and global longitudinal two-dimensional strain increased by 10% (P < 0.05). LV diastolic function, determined by mitral inflow (E/A ratio) and peak diastolic velocity E', was increased by 18% (P < 0.01) and 29% (P < 0.001), respectively, whereas LV filling pressure E/E' was reduced by 15% (P = 0.05). Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures were all reduced by 8 mm Hg (P < 0.01, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). V(˙)O(2max) and intermittent endurance capacity was 12% and 42% (P < 0.001) higher, respectively. No changes in any of the measured parameters were observed in control group.
Regular soccer training improves cardiac function, increases exercise capacity, and lowers blood pressure in men with T2DM.
2 型糖尿病（T2DM）患者心血管疾病风险增加，体力活动不足会使病情恶化。亚临床心肌功能障碍与 T2DM 心力衰竭风险增加和预后不良相关；然而，运动训练是否可以抵消糖尿病性心脏病的早期迹象尚不清楚。
本研究旨在评估足球训练对中年 2 型糖尿病男性的心脏功能、运动能力和血压的影响。
21 名年龄为 49.8±1.7 岁的男性患有 T2DM 且无心血管疾病史，他们参加了足球训练组（n=12），每周两次训练 1 小时，或对照组（n=9），生活方式无变化。检查包括全面的经胸超声心动图、血压测量、最大摄氧量（V(˙)O(2max)）和间歇性耐力能力，分别在 12 和 24 周前后进行。采用双因素重复测量方差分析。
经过 24 周的足球训练，与基线相比，左心室（LV）舒张末期直径和容积增加（P<0.001）。LV 纵向收缩位移增加了 23%（P<0.001），整体纵向二维应变增加了 10%（P<0.05）。LV 舒张功能，通过二尖瓣血流（E/A 比值）和舒张末期速度 E'来确定，分别增加了 18%（P<0.01）和 29%（P<0.001），而 LV 充盈压 E/E'降低了 15%（P=0.05）。收缩压、舒张压和平均动脉压均降低 8mmHg（P<0.01、P<0.001 和 P<0.001）。V(˙)O(2max)和间歇性耐力能力分别增加了 12%和 42%（P<0.001）。对照组的任何测量参数均无变化。
定期的足球训练可改善 2 型糖尿病男性的心脏功能、增加运动能力并降低血压。
