Danial Nika N, Hartman Adam L, Stafstrom Carl E, Thio Liu Lin
Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
J Child Neurol. 2013 Aug;28(8):1027-33. doi: 10.1177/0883073813487598. Epub 2013 May 13.
The ketogenic diet and its newer variants are clinically useful in treating epilepsy. They can also have antiepileptogenic properties and can eventually have a role in treating other neurologic and nonneurologic conditions. Despite being nearly a century old, identifying the molecular underpinnings of the ketogenic diet has been challenging. However, recent studies provide experimental evidence for 4 distinct mechanisms that could contribute to the antiseizure and other beneficial effects of these diets. These mechanisms include carbohydrate reduction, activation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium channels by mitochondrial metabolism, inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, and inhibition of glutamatergic excitatory synaptic transmission.
生酮饮食及其新变体在癫痫治疗中具有临床实用性。它们还可能具有抗癫痫发生的特性，并最终在治疗其他神经和非神经疾病中发挥作用。尽管生酮饮食已有近百年历史，但确定其分子基础一直具有挑战性。然而，最近的研究为4种不同的机制提供了实验证据，这些机制可能有助于这些饮食的抗癫痫及其他有益作用。这些机制包括碳水化合物减少、线粒体代谢激活三磷酸腺苷（ATP）敏感性钾通道、抑制雷帕霉素靶蛋白途径以及抑制谷氨酸能兴奋性突触传递。
