Lima Patricia Azevedo de, Sampaio Leticia Pereira de Brito, Damasceno Nágila Raquel Teixeira
Post-Graduate Program in Applied Human Nutrition, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Children's Institute, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2014 Dec;69(10):699-705. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2014(10)09.
A ketogenic diet is an important therapy used in the control of drug-refractory seizures. Many studies have shown that children and adolescents following ketogenic diets exhibit an over 50% reduction in seizure frequency, which is considered to be clinically relevant. These benefits are based on a diet containing high fat (approximately 90% fat) for 24 months. This dietary model was proposed in the 1920s and has produced variable clinical responses. Previous studies have shown that the mechanisms underlying seizure control involve ketone bodies, which are produced by fatty acid oxidation. Although the pathways involved in the ketogenic diet are not entirely clear, the main effects of the production of ketone bodies appear to be neurotransmitter modulation and antioxidant effects on the brain. This review highlights the impacts of the ketogenic diet on the modulation of neurotransmitters, levels of biogenic monoamines and protective antioxidant mechanisms of neurons. In addition, future perspectives are proposed.
生酮饮食是用于控制药物难治性癫痫发作的一种重要疗法。许多研究表明，采用生酮饮食的儿童和青少年癫痫发作频率降低超过50%，这被认为具有临床意义。这些益处基于一种高脂肪（约90%脂肪）饮食，持续24个月。这种饮食模式于20世纪20年代被提出，产生了不同的临床反应。先前的研究表明，癫痫发作控制的潜在机制涉及酮体，酮体由脂肪酸氧化产生。尽管生酮饮食所涉及的途径并不完全清楚，但酮体产生的主要作用似乎是神经递质调节和对大脑的抗氧化作用。本综述强调了生酮饮食对神经递质调节、生物源性单胺水平以及神经元保护性抗氧化机制的影响。此外，还提出了未来展望。
