College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan.
Scand J Psychol. 2013 Aug;54(4):276-82. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12051. Epub 2013 May 14.
We explored the effect of the schema on recognition memories and subjective experiences for actions and objects in an everyday scene. At first, participants watched slides of a man cooking in a kitchen. The man performed schema-consistent actions, and schema-consistent objects were left. After watching the slides, participants completed a recognition test, a remember/know test, and a Perception/Thought/Emotion/Context questionnaire. We confirmed three main results. First, participants made more false recognitions for schema-consistent distracters than for schema-inconsistent distracters with more "remember" judgments accompanied by perceptual, thought, and contextual details, and with more "know" judgments. Second, participants made more false recognitions for schema-consistent object distracters than for schema-consistent action distracters. Third, participants more frequently recognized schema-consistent action targets than schema-consistent object targets with more "remember" judgments. Both action memory and object memory were reconstructed under the schema, provoking false recognitions for schema-consistent distracters. However, the memories of schema-consistent action targets were so recollective that they could prevent false recognitions for schema-consistent action distracters.
我们探讨了图式对日常场景中动作和物体的识别记忆和主观体验的影响。首先，参与者观看了一个男人在厨房做饭的幻灯片。这个人执行了与图式一致的动作，并且留下了与图式一致的物体。观看完幻灯片后，参与者完成了识别测试、记得/知道测试和感知/思维/情感/语境问卷。我们确认了三个主要结果。首先，参与者对与图式一致的干扰项做出了更多的错误识别，而对与图式不一致的干扰项则做出了更多的“记得”判断，并伴随着更多的感知、思维和语境细节，以及更多的“知道”判断。其次，参与者对与图式一致的物体干扰项的错误识别比对与图式一致的动作干扰项更多。第三，参与者对与图式一致的动作目标的识别比对与图式一致的物体目标更多，并且更多的“记得”判断。动作记忆和物体记忆都在图式的作用下被重构，从而导致对与图式一致的干扰项的错误识别。然而，与图式一致的动作目标的记忆是如此的生动，以至于它们可以防止对与图式一致的动作干扰项的错误识别。
