Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Box 118205, Room 100 FLG, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
J Athl Train. 2013 May-Jun;48(3):424-30. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-48.2.07. Epub 2013 Feb 20.
Athletic trainers are exposed to various stressors, increasing the potential for burnout and decreasing perceived wellness. Burnout and decreased perceived wellness can result from many factors: years of experience, hours per week worked, or decreased levels of physical activity. Another factor that accounts for a portion of the variance is sex differences.
To determine the differences in burnout, physical activity, and perceived wellness scores relating to sex in District 9 of the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA).
Cross-sectional study.
Web-based questionnaire.
Athletic trainers who were included in the e-mail directory of NATA District 9 (men = 232, women = 158).
INTERVENTION(S): A 19-item questionnaire for burnout, a 36-item questionnaire for perceived wellness, and a 16-item activity questionnaire for physical activity and demographics.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The variables included demographics (hours per week worked, years of experience, sex), Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI; scores range from 0-100, and higher scores represent a higher level of burnout), Perceived Wellness Survey (PWS; scores range from 1-36, and scores close to 29 are considered healthy), and Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire (BPAQ; scores range from 1-15, and higher scores represent more physical activity).
Of the 1560 members contacted, 390 responded (response rate = 25%), and 59.5% (n = 232) were male. The mean scores were 38.73 ± 16.9 for men and 46.2 ± 17.1 for women for the CBI, 16.68 ± 2.76 for men and 16.41 ± 2.81 for women for the PWS, and 8.42 ± 1.32 for men and 8.77 ± 1.36 for women for the BPAQ. Men and women worked an average of 55.60 ± 26.03 and 47.86 ± 20.57 hours per week, respectively, and had a mean experience of 14.79 ± 9.86 and 8.92 ± 6.51 years, respectively. Women reported a higher level of burnout (t388 = -4.255, P = .001) and greater levels of physical activity (t388 = -2.52, P = .01) than men. Men reported working more hours (t388 = 3.131, P = .002) and having more years of experience (t388 = 6.568, P = .001) than women. Perceived wellness was not different between sexes (t388 = 0.958, P = .34).
Our results suggest that women experienced moderate to high burnout and men experienced moderate burnout. Interestingly, men reported lower levels of burnout but worked more hours than women. Future researchers should focus on why women experience higher levels of burnout but work fewer hours. These findings may lead to educational interventions that might reduce burnout and increase professional longevity and quality of work.
运动员治疗师面临着各种压力源，这增加了他们 burnout 和健康感知下降的可能性。burnout 和健康感知下降可能由多种因素引起：工作年限、每周工作时间或体力活动水平下降。另一个导致部分差异的因素是性别差异。
确定与 District 9 的 National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) 中性别相关的 burnout、体力活动和健康感知评分的差异。
横断面研究。
基于网络的问卷调查。
包括在 NATA District 9 电子邮件目录中的运动员治疗师（男性=232，女性=158）。
一份包含 19 项的 burnout 问卷、36 项的健康感知问卷和 16 项的体力活动问卷以及人口统计学信息。
人口统计学信息（每周工作时间、工作年限、性别）、哥本哈根 burnout 量表（CBI；得分范围为 0-100，得分越高表示 burnout 程度越高）、健康感知量表（PWS；得分范围为 1-36，接近 29 分的得分被认为是健康的）和 Baecke 体力活动问卷（BPAQ；得分范围为 1-15，得分越高表示体力活动越多）。
在联系的 1560 名成员中，有 390 人（响应率=25%）做出了回应，其中 59.5%（n=232）为男性。男性的 CBI 平均得分为 38.73±16.9，女性的平均得分为 46.2±17.1；男性的 PWS 平均得分为 16.68±2.76，女性的平均得分为 16.41±2.81；男性的 BPAQ 平均得分为 8.42±1.32，女性的平均得分为 8.77±1.36。男性和女性每周平均工作时间分别为 55.60±26.03 小时和 47.86±20.57 小时，平均工作年限分别为 14.79±9.86 年和 8.92±6.51 年。与男性相比，女性报告更高的 burnout 水平（t388=-4.255，P=0.001）和更高水平的体力活动（t388=-2.52，P=0.01）。与女性相比，男性报告工作时间更长（t388=3.131，P=0.002）和工作年限更长（t388=6.568，P=0.001）。性别之间的健康感知没有差异（t388=0.958，P=0.34）。
我们的结果表明，女性经历了中度到高度的 burnout，而男性经历了中度 burnout。有趣的是，男性报告的 burnout 程度较低，但工作时间比女性长。未来的研究人员应该专注于为什么女性经历更高水平的 burnout 但工作时间更少。这些发现可能会导致教育干预措施，从而减少 burnout 并提高专业人员的工作寿命和工作质量。
