Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA.
J Athl Train. 2000 Apr;35(2):139-44.
A growing body of knowledge indicates that too much stress can negatively influence psychological and physical health. A model proposed by Smith to explore personal and situational variables, stress appraisal, and burnout has led to significant understanding of burnout of individuals working in service professions. We examined the relationship of hardiness, social support, and work-related issues relevant to athletic trainers to perceived stress and the relationship of perceived stress to burnout.
Correlational analyses were performed to examine the relationships predicted by Smith's model. In addition, we conducted stepwise multiple regression analyses to assess the relative contributions of the personal and situational variables to perceived stress and to examine the relative impact of perceived stress on 3 burnout factors (emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment, and depersonalization).
One hundred eighteen certified athletic trainers working in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I-A intercollegiate settings that maintain a football program.
We assessed personal and situational variables using the Hardiness Test, the Social Support Questionnaire, and the Athletic Training Issues Survey, adapted for this study. The Perceived Stress Scale was used to assess stress appraisal, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to assess 3 dimensions of burnout.
Our results were in support of Smith's theoretical model of stress and burnout. Athletic trainers who scored lower on hardiness and social support and higher on athletic training issues tended to have higher levels of perceived stress. Furthermore, higher perceived stress scores were related to higher emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and lower levels of personal accomplishment.
Our findings examining burnout in Division I athletic trainers were similar to those of other studies investigating coaches and coach-teachers and in support of Smith's theoretical model of stress and burnout.
越来越多的知识表明，压力过大会对心理和身体健康产生负面影响。史密斯提出的一个模型，用于探索个人和情境变量、压力评估和倦怠，这使得人们对服务行业个体的倦怠有了更深入的理解。我们研究了坚韧、社会支持以及与运动训练师相关的工作问题与感知压力的关系，以及感知压力与倦怠的关系。
进行了相关分析，以检验史密斯模型预测的关系。此外，我们还进行了逐步多元回归分析，以评估个人和情境变量对感知压力的相对贡献，并研究感知压力对 3 个倦怠因素（情绪衰竭、个人成就感和去个性化）的相对影响。
118 名在国家大学体育协会一级联赛（Division I-A）大学生体育协会设置的、有足球项目的机构中工作的认证运动训练师。
我们使用坚韧测试、社会支持问卷和运动训练问题调查评估个人和情境变量，该调查为这项研究而改编。使用感知压力量表评估压力评估，使用马斯拉奇倦怠量表评估 3 个倦怠维度。
我们的结果支持了史密斯关于压力和倦怠的理论模型。坚韧和社会支持得分较低、运动训练问题得分较高的运动训练师往往具有较高的感知压力水平。此外，较高的感知压力得分与较高的情绪衰竭和去个性化以及较低的个人成就感相关。
我们对一级运动训练师的倦怠进行的研究结果与其他研究调查教练和教练-教师的结果相似，并支持了史密斯关于压力和倦怠的理论模型。
