Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.
Scand J Immunol. 2013 Aug;78(2):205-13. doi: 10.1111/sji.12076.
Microparticles (MPs) are small membrane-bound vesicles that arise from activated and dying cells and promote inflammation and thrombosis. To characterize the in vivo release of MPs, we used flow cytometry to measure MPs in the blood of 15 healthy volunteers administered bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide or LPS) in the presence of a low dose of hydrocortisone with or without inhaled nitric oxide. MPs, defined as particles less than 1.0 μm in size, were assessed following labelling for CD42a, CD14 and CD62E or CD144 antibodies to identify MPs from platelets (PMPs), monocytes (MMPs) and endothelial cells (EMPs). In addition, PMPs and MMPs were labelled with anti-HMGB1 and stained with SYTO13 to assess nuclear acid content. Administration of LPS led to an increase in the numbers of PMPs, MMPs and EMPs as defined by CD62E, as well as the number of MMPs and PMPs staining with anti-HMGB1 and SYTO13. Inhalation of NO did not influence these findings. Together, these studies show that LPS can increase levels of blood MPs and influence phenotype, including nuclear content. As such, particles may be a source of HMGB1 and other nuclear molecules in the blood during inflammation.
微粒（MPs）是由活化和死亡细胞产生的小的膜结合囊泡，促进炎症和血栓形成。为了描述 MPs 的体内释放，我们使用流式细胞术测量了 15 名健康志愿者在低剂量氢化可的松存在下给予细菌内毒素（脂多糖或 LPS）时血液中的 MPs，同时给予或不给予吸入一氧化氮。MPs 定义为小于 1.0μm 的颗粒，用 CD42a、CD14 和 CD62E 或 CD144 抗体标记后评估，以识别来自血小板（PMPs）、单核细胞（MMPs）和内皮细胞（EMPs）的 MPs。此外，用抗 HMGB1 标记 PMPs 和 MMPs，并染色 SYTO13 以评估核酸含量。LPS 的给予导致 CD62E 定义的 PMPs、MMPs 和 EMPs 的数量增加，以及用抗 HMGB1 和 SYTO13 染色的 MMPs 和 PMPs 的数量增加。吸入 NO 不影响这些发现。总之，这些研究表明 LPS 可以增加血液 MPs 的水平并影响表型，包括核内容。因此，在炎症期间，颗粒可能是血液中 HMGB1 和其他核分子的来源。
