Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin D-10098, Germany.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2013 May 16;13:108. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-108.
Traditional Japanese Medicine (Kampo) is often used in Japan, but very little data on its users are available. We investigated who uses Kampo, the reasons and opinions for its use.
Questionnaire survey in three Japanese outpatient clinics offering Kampo in different settings: Kampo only, Kampo and traditional Chinese medicine, Kampo and Western medicine. Before seeing the doctor, patients were asked about socio-demographic data, medical history, experience with Kampo, general health-related opinions and behaviours, opinions about Western medicine and Kampo, and reasons for Kampo utilization. Descriptive statistics and predictors for Kampo use were calculated.
A total of 354 questionnaires were completed. Participants were 50.97 ± 15.60 (mean ± SD) years of age, 68% were female. Of all patients, 73% (n = 202) were using Kampo currently and 84% (297) had taken Kampo before. Questions on general health-related opinions and behaviour revealed a strong environmental awareness. The most frequent indications for earlier Kampo use were: common cold (36%), gastrointestinal complaints (30%), oversensitivity to cold ("Hi'e-sho"; 29%), stress/anxiety (21%), and shoulder stiffness (20%). Kampo users suffered more often from chronic illnesses (OR 2.88 [1.48-5.58]). Beliefs in underlying philosophy (Wu Xing (adjusted OR 3.08, [1.11-8.55]), Ying and Yang (OR 2.57 [1.15-5.73], a holistic way of seeing the patient (OR 2.17 [1.53-3.08]), and in Kampo efficacy (OR 2.62 [1.66-4.13]) were positively associated with Kampo use. So was, interestingly, conviction of the efficacy of Western medicine (OR 1.87 [1.28-2.74]). Half of the patients had a general preference for a combination of Kampo and Western treatment.
Most patients visiting a clinic that also provided Kampo had previous experience with Kampo. Usage was associated with beliefs in philosophical Kampo concepts and its efficacy.
传统的日本医学（汉方医学）在日本经常被使用，但关于其使用者的信息却很少。我们调查了谁在使用汉方医学，以及他们使用的原因和意见。
在三个提供汉方医学的日本门诊诊所进行问卷调查，这些诊所分别提供汉方医学、汉方医学与传统中医结合、汉方医学与西医结合的服务。在看医生之前，患者被问及社会人口统计学数据、病史、汉方医学经验、一般健康相关意见和行为、对西医和汉方医学的意见以及使用汉方医学的原因。计算了汉方医学使用的描述性统计数据和预测因素。
共完成 354 份问卷。参与者的年龄为 50.97±15.60（平均值±标准差），68%为女性。所有患者中，73%（n=202）目前正在使用汉方医学，84%（297）曾服用过汉方医学。关于一般健康相关意见和行为的问题显示出强烈的环境意识。早期使用汉方医学的最常见指征是：感冒（36%）、胃肠道不适（30%）、对寒冷过度敏感（“Hi'e-sho”；29%）、压力/焦虑（21%）和肩部僵硬（20%）。汉方医学使用者更常患有慢性疾病（OR 2.88[1.48-5.58]）。对潜在哲学理念的信念（Wu Xing（调整后的 OR 3.08，[1.11-8.55]）、阴阳（OR 2.57[1.15-5.73]）、整体看待患者的方式（OR 2.17[1.53-3.08]）和对汉方医学疗效的信念（OR 2.62[1.66-4.13]）与汉方医学的使用呈正相关。有趣的是，对西医疗效的信念（OR 1.87[1.28-2.74]）也是如此。半数患者普遍更喜欢汉方医学与西医联合治疗。
大多数到提供汉方医学的诊所就诊的患者之前都有过汉方医学的使用经验。使用汉方医学与对汉方医学哲学概念及其疗效的信念有关。
