Chagas Deysianne Costa das, Silva Antônio Augusto Moura da, Batista Rosangela Fernandes Lucena, Simões Vanda Maria Ferreira, Lamy Zeni Carvalho, Coimbra Liberata Campos, Britto e Alves Maria Teresa Seabra Soares de
Programa de Pós Graduação em Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Federal do
Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2013 Mar;16(1):146-56.
Prevalences of malnutrition and overweight among children under five years and its association with socioeconomic, demographic and health indicators were estimated for the six largest municipalities of Maranhão, in 2006/2007. By means of a household survey, a sample of 1214 children under five years of age was randomly selected. Two-stage cluster sampling was used, representing the six municipalities of Maranhão with over one hundred thousand inhabitants. Standardized questionnaire was administered to mothers or guardians and trained personnel measured weight and height or length. For classification of malnutrition cutoff points of <-2z scores for weight-for-age, weight-for-length/height and length/height-for-age were used. Overweight was considered when weight for height was > +2 z score, following World Health Organization guidelines. By weight-for-age malnutrition prevalence was 4.5, by length/height-for-age 8.5% were stunted and by the weight-for-length/height 3.9% were malnourished (wasting), while 6.7% were overweight. Children of families headed by women had lower prevalence of malnutrition (prevalence ratio=0.4). Socioeconomic variables were not associated with malnutrition or overweight. Participation in money transfer programs from the government was not associated with malnutrition or overweight. The prevalence of malnutrition was low, but being overweight was more prevalent than malnutrition. Social inequality was not detected in relation to malnutrition in children under five years of age, suggesting a favorable trend towards greater equity.
2006/2007年,对马拉尼昂州六个最大的城市五岁以下儿童的营养不良和超重患病率及其与社会经济、人口和健康指标的关联进行了估计。通过一项家庭调查,随机抽取了1214名五岁以下儿童作为样本。采用两阶段整群抽样法,代表马拉尼昂州六个居民超过十万的城市。向母亲或监护人发放标准化问卷,并由经过培训的人员测量体重和身高或身长。营养不良的分类采用年龄别体重、身长/身高别体重和年龄别身长/身高低于-2个标准差的切点。按照世界卫生组织的指南,身高别体重> +2个标准差时视为超重。按年龄别体重计算,营养不良患病率为4.5%,按年龄别身长/身高计算,发育迟缓率为8.5%,按身长/身高别体重计算,消瘦(营养不良)率为3.9%,而超重率为6.7%。由女性为户主的家庭中的儿童营养不良患病率较低(患病率比=0.4)。社会经济变量与营养不良或超重无关。参与政府的货币转移计划与营养不良或超重无关。营养不良患病率较低,但超重比营养不良更为普遍。未发现五岁以下儿童营养不良方面的社会不平等现象,这表明朝着更大公平性发展的趋势良好。