Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
Maturitas. 2013 Jul;75(3):221-6. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.04.011. Epub 2013 May 18.
Total hip replacement (THR) is most often performed to treat end-stage symptomatic osteoarthritis. Patients typically present with increasing pain, restricted mobility and stiffness. In this procedure, the femoral head and part of the femoral neck are excised. The acetabulum is enlarged and an acetabular cup is inserted. The femoral head is replaced by a femoral component, the stem of which is inserted into the medullary canal of the femur. The components can be either cemented in place or press-fit (cementless). The THR concept was popularised by Sir John Charnley in the 1960s and although, over half a century of development has resulted in incremental improvements, the procedure is not dramatically different from the one he described. However, over the last two decades there have been significant changes in the types of bearing surfaces used. Metal on polyethylene continues to be the workhorse for the majority of cases. In the young and active, bearing surfaces with low wear rate are increasingly used. Since the early 1960s, THR has played an important role in alleviating pain and restoring mobility to millions of people. The cost-effectiveness of THR in treating advanced osteoarthritis makes it one of the most successful of all surgical interventions.
全髋关节置换术（THR）通常用于治疗晚期有症状的骨关节炎。患者通常表现为疼痛加剧、活动受限和僵硬。在这个手术中，股骨头和部分股骨颈被切除。髋臼被扩大，并插入髋臼杯。股骨头被股骨部件替代，其柄插入股骨骨髓腔。这些部件可以通过水泥固定或压配固定（非水泥固定）。THR 的概念是由 John Charnley 爵士在 20 世纪 60 年代推广的，尽管经过半个多世纪的发展，已经取得了渐进式的改进，但该手术与他所描述的并没有太大的区别。然而，在过去的二十年中，所使用的轴承表面类型发生了重大变化。金属对聚乙烯仍然是大多数病例的主力。在年轻和活跃的人群中，低磨损率的轴承表面越来越多地被使用。自 20 世纪 60 年代初以来，THR 在缓解疼痛和恢复数百万患者的活动能力方面发挥了重要作用。THR 在治疗晚期骨关节炎方面的成本效益使其成为最成功的手术干预之一。
