Departments of Pediatrics, Cell & Developmental Biology, and Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland.
Cancer Res. 2013 Jun 1;73(11):3200-5. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-0265. Epub 2013 May 21.
Cell-cell communication, either in direct proximity or at a distance, generally occurs by receptor-ligand engagement and subsequent activation of downstream intracellular signaling cascades. This conventional, largely protein-based, model has long been considered necessary and sufficient to explain coordinate tissue and organismal function. Intriguing recent work indicates that many cells can also transfer RNA directly via cell-cell trafficking of nanometer-sized, lipid-bilayer vesicles. The distinct biogenesis pathways that give rise to the different vesicle types described to date are just beginning to be elucidated. Notwithstanding their diverse origin, all types of vesicles seem to contain a broad, cell-specific, nonrandom representation of cellular protein and RNA species. The cell-cell trafficking of coding and small noncoding RNAs in particular constitutes a new paradigm for the direct phenotypic modulation of cells in the local microenvironment and in distal organs. Here, we review the current understanding of RNA vesicle trafficking and its emerging role in cell-cell signaling.
细胞间通讯，无论是直接接近还是远距离，通常通过受体-配体的结合以及随后激活下游细胞内信号级联来实现。这种传统的、主要基于蛋白质的模型长期以来被认为足以解释协调的组织和器官功能。最近引人入胜的研究表明，许多细胞还可以通过纳米大小的脂质双层囊泡的细胞间运输直接转移 RNA。迄今为止，产生不同囊泡类型的独特生物发生途径才刚刚开始被阐明。尽管它们的起源不同，但所有类型的囊泡似乎都包含广泛的、细胞特异性的、非随机的细胞蛋白和 RNA 种类的代表。特别是编码 RNA 和小非编码 RNA 的细胞间运输构成了局部微环境和远端器官中细胞直接表型调节的新范例。在这里，我们回顾了 RNA 囊泡运输的现有理解及其在细胞间信号传递中的新兴作用。
