Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Auckland, New Zealand.
The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Physics, Auckland 1010, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Biochem Soc Trans. 2021 Apr 30;49(2):881-891. doi: 10.1042/BST20200788.
Cells from all domains of life release extracellular vesicles (EVs), packages that carry a cargo of molecules that participate in communication, co-ordination of population behaviours, virulence and immune response mechanisms. Mammalian EVs play an increasingly recognised role to fight infection, yet may also be commandeered to disseminate pathogens and enhance infection. EVs released by bacterial pathogens may deliver toxins to host cells, signalling molecules and new DNA to other bacteria, and act as decoys, protecting infecting bacteria from immune killing. In this review, we explore the role of EVs in infection from the perspective of both the pathogen and host, and highlight their importance in the host/pathogen relationship. We highlight proposed strategies for EVs in therapeutics, and call attention to areas where existing knowledge and evidence is lacking.
所有生命领域的细胞都会释放细胞外囊泡 (EVs)，这些囊泡携带参与通讯、种群行为协调、毒力和免疫反应机制的分子货物。哺乳动物 EVs 在抗感染方面发挥着越来越被认可的作用，但也可能被利用来传播病原体并增强感染。细菌病原体释放的 EVs 可以将毒素输送到宿主细胞，向其他细菌传递信号分子和新的 DNA，并充当诱饵，保护感染细菌免受免疫杀伤。在这篇综述中，我们从病原体和宿主的角度探讨了 EVs 在感染中的作用，并强调了它们在宿主/病原体关系中的重要性。我们强调了 EVs 在治疗中的应用策略，并提请注意现有知识和证据不足的领域。
