Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
Sensors (Basel). 2013 May 22;13(5):6811-31. doi: 10.3390/s130506811.
It is easy to measure energy consumption with a power meter. However, energy savings cannot be directly computed by the powers measured using existing power meter technologies, since the power consumption only reflects parts of the real energy flows. The International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol (IPMVP) was proposed by the Efficiency Valuation Organization (EVO) to quantify energy savings using four different methodologies of A, B, C and D. Although energy savings can be estimated following the IPMVP, there are limitations on its practical implementation. Moreover, the data processing methods of the four IPMVP alternatives use multiple sensors (thermometer, hygrometer, Occupant information) and power meter readings to simulate all facilities, in order to determine an energy usage benchmark and the energy savings. This study proposes a simple sensor platform to measure energy savings. Using usually the Electronic Product Code (EPC) global standard, an architecture framework for an information system is constructed that integrates sensors data, power meter readings and occupancy conditions. The proposed sensor platform is used to monitor a building with a newly built vertical garden system (VGS). A VGS shields solar radiation and saves on energy that would be expended on air-conditioning. With this platform, the amount of energy saved in the whole facility is measured and reported in real-time. The data are compared with those obtained from detailed measurement and verification (M&V) processes. The discrepancy is less than 1.565%. Using measurements from the proposed sensor platform, the energy savings for the entire facility are quantified, with a resolution of ±1.2%. The VGS gives an 8.483% daily electricity saving for the building. Thus, the results show that the simple sensor platform proposed by this study is more widely applicable than the four complicated IPMVP alternatives and the VGS is an effective tool in reducing the carbon footprint of a building.
使用功率计很容易测量能耗。然而，由于现有功率计技术所测量的功率仅反映了部分实际能量流，因此不能直接通过测量的功率来计算节能。国际性能计量和验证协议（IPMVP）由效率评估组织（EVO）提出，使用 A、B、C 和 D 四种不同的方法来量化节能。虽然可以按照 IPMVP 估算节能，但在实际实施方面存在局限性。此外，四种 IPMVP 替代方案的数据处理方法使用多个传感器（温度计、湿度计、人员信息）和功率计读数来模拟所有设施，以确定能源使用基准和节能。本研究提出了一种简单的传感器平台来测量节能。该平台通常使用电子产品码（EPC）全球标准，构建了一个信息系统的架构框架，该框架集成了传感器数据、功率计读数和占用条件。所提出的传感器平台用于监测一个带有新建成的垂直花园系统（VGS）的建筑。VGS 可以屏蔽太阳辐射，节省空调所消耗的能源。使用该平台，可以实时测量和报告整个设施的节能量。将数据与详细的测量和验证（M&V）过程中获得的数据进行比较。差异小于 1.565%。使用来自所提出的传感器平台的测量值，可以量化整个设施的节能，分辨率为±1.2%。VGS 可为建筑物每天节省 8.483%的电力。因此，结果表明，本研究提出的简单传感器平台比四种复杂的 IPMVP 替代方案更具有广泛的适用性，VGS 是减少建筑物碳足迹的有效工具。
