Foster Michelle T, Pagliassotti Michael J
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Colorado State University; Fort Collins, CO USA.
Adipocyte. 2012 Oct 1;1(4):192-199. doi: 10.4161/adip.21756.
Increased visceral adiposity is a risk factor for metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, whereas peripheral (subcutaneous) obesity is not. Though the specific mechanisms which contribute to these adipose depot differences are unknown, visceral fat accumulation is proposed to result in metabolic dysregulation because of increased effluent, e.g., fatty acids and/or adipokines/cytokines, to the liver via the hepatic portal vein. Pathological significance of visceral fat accumulation is also attributed to adipose depot/adipocyte-specific characteristics, specifically differences in structural, physiologic and metabolic characteristics compared with subcutaneous fat. Fat manipulations, such as removal or transplantation, have been utilized to identify location dependent or independent factors that play a role in metabolic dysregulation. Obesity-induced alterations in adipose tissue function/intrinsic characteristics, but not mass, appear to be responsible for obesity-induced metabolic dysregulation, thus "quality" is more important than "quantity." This review summarizes the implications of obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction as it relates to anatomic site and inherent adipocyte characteristics.
内脏脂肪增多是血脂异常、高血压、胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病等代谢紊乱的危险因素，而外周（皮下）肥胖则不是。尽管导致这些脂肪储存差异的具体机制尚不清楚，但有人提出，内脏脂肪堆积会导致代谢失调，因为通过肝门静脉进入肝脏的流出物（如脂肪酸和/或脂肪因子/细胞因子）增加。内脏脂肪堆积的病理意义还归因于脂肪储存/脂肪细胞的特异性特征，特别是与皮下脂肪相比，在结构、生理和代谢特征上的差异。脂肪操作，如切除或移植，已被用于确定在代谢失调中起作用的位置依赖性或独立性因素。肥胖引起的脂肪组织功能/内在特征的改变，而非脂肪量的改变，似乎是肥胖引起代谢失调的原因，因此“质量”比“数量”更重要。本综述总结了肥胖引起的代谢功能障碍与解剖部位和固有脂肪细胞特征的关系。
