Barish R J
Division of Radiation Oncology, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016.
Health Phys. 1990 Aug;59(2):199-204. doi: 10.1097/00004032-199008000-00006.
Airline pilots and flight attendants are occupationally exposed to cosmic radiation. There has been uncertainty about how to handle the radiation protection requirements of their unique situation. Calculated dose equivalents associated with typical flight routes and crewmember work patterns have recently been published. The results show that flight attendants and pilots on ordinary subsonic aircraft can receive annual doses approaching 10 mSv y-1. I argue that flight crewmembers should receive specific education regarding the risks to their health from radiation exposure. I also argue that a suitable dosimeter system should be employed to provide crewmembers with information on their total doses. This is of particular importance for pregnant crewmembers who risk exceeding recommended fetal dose limits by working some routes during their pregnancy. In addition to airline crewmembers, business "frequent flyers" may receive significant occupational exposures while traveling. They too need appropriate education in order to assist them in assessing their risks from such exposures. Finally, flying during a large solar proton event would significantly increase the dose that would be received. During such an event, the total dose to the fetus of a pregnant crewmember or passenger might exceed the 0.5 mSv recommended monthly maximum. Warnings and action plans for these special circumstances should be improved.
航空公司飞行员和空乘人员职业性地暴露于宇宙辐射中。对于如何处理他们这种独特情况的辐射防护要求一直存在不确定性。最近已公布了与典型航线和机组人员工作模式相关的计算剂量当量。结果表明，普通亚音速飞机上的空乘人员和飞行员每年所接受的剂量接近10毫希沃特/年。我认为机组人员应接受关于辐射暴露对其健康风险的专门教育。我还认为应采用合适的剂量计系统，以便为机组人员提供其总剂量的信息。这对于怀孕机组人员尤为重要，因为她们在孕期执飞某些航线有超过推荐胎儿剂量限值的风险。除了航空公司机组人员外，商务“常旅客”在旅行期间也可能受到大量职业性辐射暴露。他们也需要接受适当教育，以帮助他们评估此类暴露带来的风险。最后，在大型太阳质子事件期间飞行会显著增加所接受的剂量。在这种事件期间，怀孕机组人员或乘客胎儿所接受的总剂量可能会超过每月0.5毫希沃特的推荐最大剂量。对于这些特殊情况的警告和行动计划应加以改进。
