Chargui Najla, Haouas Najoua, Slama Darine, Gorcii Mohamed, Jaouadi Kaouther, Essabbah-Aguir Nawel, Mezhoud Habib, Babba Hamouda
Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Clinical Biology Department, 99-UR/08-05 Monastir, Tunisia.
J Vector Ecol. 2013 Jun;38(1):1-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2013.12000.x.
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has been endemic in northern Tunisia and has occurred sporadically in the center of Tunisia. Recently, there have been several cases from areas known to be free of VL. We report in this work all human and canine cases of VL recorded between 2003 and 2011 and an entomological study of phlebotomine fauna in a previously non-endemic region. Sixty-three cases of VL were diagnosed and identified as L. infantum using several different methods. Eight species of 179 sand flies were caught and identified by both morphological and molecular methods. Two genera were present, Phlebotomus and Sergentomya, with an abundance of the subgenus Phlebotomus (Larrousius) spp., a classic vector of VL in Tunisia. Moreover, Leishmania DNA was detected in seven unfed Phlebotomus pernicousus and L. infantum was identified in three of them. This result confirms the establishment of a transmission cycle of VL in the studied region by the coexistence of infected vectors with infected hosts.
内脏利什曼病（VL）在突尼斯北部一直呈地方流行，在突尼斯中部有散发病例。最近，在已知无VL的地区出现了几例病例。我们在这项研究中报告了2003年至2011年间记录的所有人类和犬类VL病例，并对一个以前非流行地区的白蛉动物区系进行了昆虫学研究。通过几种不同方法诊断并鉴定出63例VL病例为婴儿利什曼原虫。通过形态学和分子方法捕获并鉴定了179只白蛉中的8个种类。存在两个属，即白蛉属和赛尔金白蛉属，其中白蛉属（拉鲁西白蛉亚属）种类丰富，是突尼斯VL的经典传播媒介。此外，在7只未吸血的有害白蛉中检测到利什曼原虫DNA，其中3只鉴定出婴儿利什曼原虫。这一结果证实了在所研究地区，通过受感染的媒介与受感染宿主共存，建立了VL的传播循环。
