Chargui Najla, Slama Darine, Haouas Najoua, Rmadi Latifa, Babba Hamouda
Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology (LP3M), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Department of Clinical Biology, Monastir, Tunisia.
J Vector Ecol. 2018 Dec;43(2):321-327. doi: 10.1111/jvec.12316.
An entomological study was conducted in a Leishmania infantum focus, including the identification of the sand fly species, the detection and the characterization of Leishmania DNA in female sand flies, and blood meal origins in engorged sand flies. A total of 643 sand flies (31% female, 69% male) was identified based on their morphological features or molecular markers. Ten different species were identified, with Phlebotomus perniciosus, the confirmed vector of L. infantum, being the most abundant (56%), P. papatasi in 25% of sand flies, the unique vector species of L. major, and P. longicuspis in 7% of cases, the suspected second vector of L. infantum. Moreover, the infection rate was 3.4% in P. perniciousus, P. papatasi, P. longicuspis, and Sergentomya minuta. Also, L. infantum was identified in five unfed P. perniciosus and two P. longicuspis. Our results suggest the vector role of P. perniciosus and P. longicuspis in the transmission cycle of L. infantum. The DNA of four mammalian species (human, rabbit, horse, and cow) was identified in the blood meals of sand flies, suggesting that these species are potential reservoirs of leishmaniasis, though it is not yet fully elucidated (especially for MON-24 and MON-80). We suggest the existence of different transmission cycles of L. infantum involving different species of sand flies and hosts.
在一个婴儿利什曼原虫疫源地开展了一项昆虫学研究，包括白蛉种类的鉴定、雌性白蛉中利什曼原虫DNA的检测与特征分析，以及饱血白蛉血餐来源的研究。根据形态特征或分子标记共鉴定出643只白蛉（31%为雌性，69%为雄性）。鉴定出10种不同的白蛉，其中婴儿利什曼原虫的确认传播媒介——有害白蛉最为常见（占56%），25%的白蛉为巴氏白蛉，是硕大利什曼原虫的唯一传播媒介种类，7%的白蛉为长喙白蛉，是婴儿利什曼原虫疑似的第二传播媒介。此外，有害白蛉、巴氏白蛉、长喙白蛉和微小赛尔金白蛉的感染率为3.4%。另外，在5只未吸血的有害白蛉和2只长喙白蛉中鉴定出了婴儿利什曼原虫。我们的结果表明有害白蛉和长喙白蛉在婴儿利什曼原虫传播循环中起到传播媒介的作用。在白蛉血餐中鉴定出四种哺乳动物（人类、兔子、马和牛）的DNA, 这表明这些物种是利什曼病的潜在宿主，尽管尚未完全阐明（特别是对于MON - 24和MON - 80）。我们认为存在涉及不同白蛉种类和宿主的婴儿利什曼原虫不同传播循环。
