人畜共患病模型的社会和政治生活:叙事、科学与政策。

The social and political lives of zoonotic disease models: narratives, science and policy.

机构信息

STEPS Centre, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RE, UK.

出版信息

Soc Sci Med. 2013 Jul;88:10-7. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.03.017. Epub 2013 Mar 26.

Abstract

Zoonotic diseases currently pose both major health threats and complex scientific and policy challenges, to which modelling is increasingly called to respond. In this article we argue that the challenges are best met by combining multiple models and modelling approaches that elucidate the various epidemiological, ecological and social processes at work. These models should not be understood as neutral science informing policy in a linear manner, but as having social and political lives: social, cultural and political norms and values that shape their development and which they carry and project. We develop and illustrate this argument in relation to the cases of H5N1 avian influenza and Ebola, exploring for each the range of modelling approaches deployed and the ways they have been co-constructed with a particular politics of policy. Addressing the complex, uncertain dynamics of zoonotic disease requires such social and political lives to be made explicit in approaches that aim at triangulation rather than integration, and plural and conditional rather than singular forms of policy advice.

摘要

人畜共患病目前既构成重大健康威胁,也是复杂的科学和政策挑战,建模越来越需要应对这些挑战。本文认为,最好通过结合多种模型和建模方法来应对这些挑战,这些方法可以阐明各种流行病学、生态学和社会过程。这些模型不应被理解为以线性方式向政策提供中立科学信息的模型,而应被理解为具有社会和政治生命:塑造其发展并承载和投射这些模型的社会、文化和政治规范和价值观。我们在 H5N1 禽流感和埃博拉病毒的案例中发展和说明了这一论点,探讨了每种情况下使用的建模方法以及它们与特定政策政治共同构建的方式。应对人畜共患病的复杂、不确定动态需要在旨在三角测量而不是整合、多元和有条件而不是单一形式的政策建议的方法中明确这种社会和政治生命。

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