Poethko-Müller C, Zimmermann R, Hamouda O, Faber M, Stark K, Ross R S, Thamm M
Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, 12101 Berlin, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2013 May;56(5-6):707-15. doi: 10.1007/s00103-013-1673-x.
Ten years after seroepidemiological data were obtained in the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998 (GNHIES98), German Health Interview and Examination Survey (DEGS1) data contribute to a population-based, representative surveillance of hepatitis A and B immunity and of the serological markers for hepatitis C in Germany. The prevalence of antibodies against the hepatitis A virus is 48.6 %. In comparison to the situation 10 years ago, seroprevalence is significantly higher among 18- to 39-year-old adults and is significantly lower in those aged 50-79 years. The association between age and seroprevalence has changed, indicating a decrease in naturally acquired hepatitis A immunity. Individual and population immunity has to be achieved through vaccination. Prevalence of hepatitis B antibodies indicates that 5.1 % of adults have been exposed to the virus, significantly fewer than 10 years ago (7.9 %). Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antibodies indicates that 22.9 % of adults have been vaccinated against hepatitis B. Vaccination coverage has increased in all age groups and is highest in the younger age groups. These positive trends can be attributed to the general recommendation since 1995 to vaccinate against hepatitis B. For hepatitis C, the prevalence of antibodies in the general population is 0.3 %. Germany thus remains a low-HCV-endemic country. An English full-text version of this article is available at SpringerLink as supplemental.
在1998年德国国民健康访谈与检查调查（GNHIES98）中获得血清流行病学数据的十年后，德国健康访谈与检查调查（DEGS1）的数据有助于对德国甲型和乙型肝炎免疫力以及丙型肝炎血清学标志物进行基于人群的代表性监测。甲型肝炎病毒抗体的流行率为48.6%。与10年前的情况相比，18至39岁成年人的血清阳性率显著更高，而50至79岁人群的血清阳性率则显著更低。年龄与血清阳性率之间的关联发生了变化，表明自然获得的甲型肝炎免疫力有所下降。必须通过接种疫苗来实现个体和群体免疫。乙型肝炎抗体的流行率表明，5.1%的成年人曾接触过该病毒，显著低于10年前（7.9%）。乙型肝炎表面抗体的流行率表明，22.9%的成年人接种过乙型肝炎疫苗。所有年龄组的疫苗接种覆盖率均有所提高，且在较年轻年龄组中最高。这些积极趋势可归因于自1995年以来普遍推荐接种乙型肝炎疫苗。对于丙型肝炎，普通人群中抗体的流行率为0.3%。因此，德国仍然是一个丙型肝炎低流行国家。本文的英文全文版本可在SpringerLink上作为补充内容获取。
