Oda Ryo, Dai Megumi, Niwa Yuki, Ihobe Hiroshi, Kiyonari Toko, Takeda Mia, Kai Hiraishi
Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.
Shinrigaku Kenkyu. 2013 Apr;84(1):28-36. doi: 10.4992/jjpsy.84.28.
This study describes the development and evaluation of the Self-Report Altruism Scale Distinguished by the Recipient (SRAS-DR). The relationship between an actor and a recipient is important for evolutionary studies of altruistic behavior. However, the existing scale for Japanese undergraduates does not distinguish recipients of altruistic behaviors. We developed a new self-report altruism scale based on an evolutionary viewpoint. In Study 1, undergraduate students described their altruistic behaviors in daily life, which we classified according to the recipients (family members, friends or acquaintances and strangers). Then we chose 21 items (7 items for each recipient class) to construct the SRAS-DR by using exploratory factor analyses. In Study 2, we investigated validity and reliability of the scale. The scores were significantly correlated with other relevant scales as well as with behavioral indicators. Test-retest reliability was high. These results indicate that the SRAS-DR has acceptable reliability and validity, and can be used in evolutionary studies of human altruism.
本研究描述了受助者区分的自我报告利他主义量表（SRAS-DR）的开发与评估。行为者与受助者之间的关系对于利他行为的进化研究很重要。然而，现有的针对日本大学生的量表并未区分利他行为的受助者。我们基于进化观点开发了一种新的自我报告利他主义量表。在研究1中，大学生描述了他们在日常生活中的利他行为，我们根据受助者（家庭成员、朋友或熟人以及陌生人）对这些行为进行了分类。然后，我们通过探索性因素分析选择了21个项目（每个受助者类别7个项目）来构建SRAS-DR。在研究2中，我们调查了该量表的有效性和可靠性。得分与其他相关量表以及行为指标显著相关。重测信度很高。这些结果表明，SRAS-DR具有可接受的信度和效度，可用于人类利他主义的进化研究。
