Iris, CNRS.
Br J Sociol. 2013 Jun;64(2):248-66. doi: 10.1111/1468-4446.12016.
Working-class adolescents of French urban peripheries are key figures in a new social debate that reactivates the nineteenth century spectre of 'dangerous' classes to be controlled. Since the 1990s, French social counselling has privileged two modalities of response: taking account of suffering and government by listening and speech. We hypothesize that the contemporary moral economy allows for social interactions that go beyond social control and institutional domination. This is partly because professionals engaged in this moral undertaking may keep a critical distance, and partly because the concerned populations aren't necessarily devoid of resources to advance their interests or incapable of resistance. The concept of moral economy, coupled with the ethnographic method, is heuristic for fully comprehending the complexity of these issues and their stakes. Our fieldwork was centred on a French Adolescent Centre in an impoverished commune in Paris's periphery, from January 2010 through March 2011. These institutions were established in the early 2000s to respond to adolescent 'suffering' by crossing social work and psychiatry. Adolescents, parents, and other institutions (especially schools) solicit the professionally diverse staff for assistance, which in turn may take on cases and/or make referrals to other support institutions. By paying attention to all the scenes upon which the story of a counselled adolescent evolves, and bearing more general social evolutions in mind by applying the concept of moral economy, we can consider the multiplicity of seemingly contradictory processes as a whole. We see the destabilization of parents and their loss of symbolic capital, partly due to the norms of contemporary parenthood and partly due to the stigmatization of working-class adolescence. But we also discern possibilities for expressing sentiments of injustice and humiliation, for increasing symbolic capital, and in some cases a reappropriation of the system, particularly in trajectories marked by a will for social ascension.
工人阶级出身的法国城市郊区青少年是新的社会辩论的关键人物，这场辩论重新引发了对需要控制的“危险”阶级的 19 世纪幽灵。自 20 世纪 90 年代以来，法国社会咨询一直优先考虑两种回应模式：关注痛苦和倾听与言语的治理。我们假设，当代道德经济允许超越社会控制和制度统治的社会互动。这部分是因为从事这项道德事业的专业人员可能会保持批判性的距离，部分是因为有关人群不一定没有资源来推进自己的利益或没有能力抵抗。道德经济的概念，加上民族志方法，对于全面理解这些问题及其利害关系的复杂性是有启发意义的。我们的实地调查以巴黎郊区一个贫困公社的法国青少年中心为中心，时间从 2010 年 1 月到 2011 年 3 月。这些机构是在 21 世纪初成立的，旨在通过社会工作和精神病学的交叉来应对青少年的“痛苦”。青少年、家长和其他机构（特别是学校）向专业多样化的工作人员寻求帮助，工作人员反过来可能会受理案件和/或将其转介给其他支持机构。通过关注一个接受咨询的青少年的故事所涉及的所有场景，并通过应用道德经济的概念来关注更一般的社会演变，我们可以将看似矛盾的过程的多样性作为一个整体来考虑。我们看到父母的不稳定和他们象征资本的丧失，部分原因是当代父母身份的规范，部分原因是工人阶级青少年的污名化。但我们也发现了表达不公正和屈辱感、增加象征资本的可能性，在某些情况下，特别是在那些具有社会上升意愿的轨迹中，还发现了重新占有系统的可能性。
