Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Compr Physiol. 2013 Jan;3(1):121-39. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c110005.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in a variety of impairments in cognition, mood, sensation, and movement, depending upon the location and severity of injury. Although not as extensively studied as cognitive impairments, motor impairments are common, especially in moderately to severely injured patients. The recovery of these deficits is not usually complete; however, extensive effort is put into the rehabilitation of motor skills to enhance independence and quality of life. Understanding the motor recovery process and how it can be influenced by rehabilitation has been extensively studied in animal models of stroke and focal lesions, albeit to a lesser extent following animal models of TBI. Injury-induced neural plasticity is intricately involved in motor recovery and influenced by behavioral compensation and rehabilitation following stroke and focal lesions. New studies in animal models of TBI indicate that neural plasticity and the processes of motor recovery and rehabilitation following brain injury may not mirror those processes shown to occur following stroke. Further examination of motor recovery, rehabilitation, and plasticity in animal models of TBI as well as in individuals with TBI will be necessary to fully understand the control of movement following brain injury.
创伤性脑损伤（TBI）会导致认知、情绪、感觉和运动等多种障碍，具体取决于损伤的位置和严重程度。尽管运动障碍不如认知障碍研究得那么广泛，但它们很常见，尤其是在中度至重度受伤的患者中。这些缺陷的恢复通常并不完全；然而，人们会投入大量精力来康复运动技能，以提高独立性和生活质量。尽管在中风和局灶性病变的动物模型中对运动恢复过程及其如何受到康复的影响进行了广泛研究，但在 TBI 的动物模型中，研究程度要低一些。损伤诱导的神经可塑性在运动恢复中起着复杂的作用，并受到中风和局灶性病变后行为代偿和康复的影响。TBI 动物模型中的新研究表明，神经可塑性以及脑损伤后的运动恢复和康复过程可能与中风后发生的过程不同。为了充分了解脑损伤后运动的控制，有必要在 TBI 的动物模型以及 TBI 患者中进一步研究运动恢复、康复和可塑性。
