Ertugrul A S, Sahin H, Dikilitas A, Alpaslan N Z, Bozoğlan A, Tekin Y
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey.
J Periodontal Res. 2014 Jun;49(3):282-9. doi: 10.1111/jre.12105. Epub 2013 May 31.
Cathelicidin (LL-37) and human β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) are antimicrobial peptides that have additional functions in innate immunity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate LL-37 and hBD-2 levels in the following patient groups: non-smoker patients with gingivitis (G), smoker patients with gingivitis (SG), non-smoker patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and smoker patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (SAgP).
A total of 80 patients, including 20 G, 20 SG, 20 AgP and 20 SAgP were enrolled in the study. Clinical periodontal parameters, including periodontal status were assessed by measuring bleeding on probing, plaque index, gingival index, probing depth and clinical attachment loss. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were done to quantify LL-37 and hBD-2 levels in gingival crevicular fluid.
Clinical periodontal parameters were found to have no statistically significant differences between the SAgP and AgP groups or between the SG and G groups. LL-37 and hBD-2 levels were significantly lower in G patients than in other groups. LL-37 and hBD-2 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid of SAgP patients were significantly higher than in other groups. LL-37 and hBD-2 levels in SG patients were also significantly higher than in G patients.
Epithelial cells in contact with microorganisms release LL-37 and hBD-2 to eliminate them. The release response of LL-37 and hBD-2 formed against microorganisms can change depending on factors such as smoking, which activates the nicotinic receptors present on epithelial surfaces. This interaction can increase the release of LL-37 and hBD-2. Smoking may also affect the capillary tissues and reduce leukocytic chemotaxis. The increased number of colonized microorganisms may lead to higher levels of LL-37 and hBD-2 release in the tissues of smokers than in non-smokers.
猫爪素（LL - 37）和人β - 防御素 - 2（hBD - 2）是抗菌肽，在先天免疫中具有其他功能。本研究的目的是评估以下患者组中LL - 37和hBD - 2的水平：非吸烟性牙龈炎患者（G）、吸烟性牙龈炎患者（SG）、非吸烟性广泛侵袭性牙周炎患者（AgP）和吸烟性广泛侵袭性牙周炎患者（SAgP）。
本研究共纳入80例患者，包括20例G患者、20例SG患者、20例AgP患者和20例SAgP患者。通过测量探诊出血、菌斑指数、牙龈指数、探诊深度和临床附着丧失来评估临床牙周参数，包括牙周状况。采用酶联免疫吸附测定法对龈沟液中LL - 37和hBD - 2水平进行定量。
发现SAgP组与AgP组之间以及SG组与G组之间的临床牙周参数无统计学显著差异。G组患者的LL - 37和hBD - 2水平显著低于其他组。SAgP组患者龈沟液中的LL - 37和hBD - 2水平显著高于其他组。SG组患者的LL - 37和hBD - 2水平也显著高于G组患者。
与微生物接触的上皮细胞释放LL - 37和hBD - 2以清除它们。针对微生物形成的LL - 37和hBD - 2的释放反应可能因吸烟等因素而改变，吸烟会激活上皮表面存在的烟碱受体。这种相互作用可增加LL - 37和hBD - 2的释放。吸烟还可能影响毛细血管组织并降低白细胞趋化性。吸烟者组织中定殖微生物数量的增加可能导致LL - 37和hBD - 2的释放水平高于非吸烟者。
