Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
Braz Dent J. 2022 Jul-Aug;33(4):79-86. doi: 10.1590/0103-6440202204685.
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important components of the host response against invading pathogens. In addition to their direct antimicrobial activity, they can also participate in the immune system modulation. However, the role of AMPs in the etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease and the risk factors that may influence their expression in the oral cavity are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of smoking on beta-defensin (hBD) 1 and 2 levels analyzing samples from periodontitis patients. Fifty patients with periodontitis, 25 smokers and 25 non-smokers, and 20 periodontally healthy patients were recruited. After periodontal clinical evaluation, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected from healthy sites of patients without periodontal disease and from healthy and diseased sites of patients with periodontitis. Peptides quantification was performed by sandwich ELISA technique. Smokers showed reduced GCF hBD 1 levels and increased hBD 2 levels compared to non-smokers in diseased sites (p <0.05). Higher levels of hBD 1 were observed in healthy sites of patients without periodontal disease than in healthy sites of patients with periodontitis (p<0.0001). Diseased sites of non-smokers presented higher levels of hBD 2 than healthy sites (p <0.05). These results reveal that protein levels of hBDs 1 and 2 can be impaired by cigarette smoking in the presence of periodontal disease.
抗菌肽（AMPs）是宿主抵御入侵病原体的重要组成部分。除了具有直接的抗菌活性外，它们还可以参与免疫系统的调节。然而，抗菌肽在牙周病发病机制中的作用以及可能影响其在口腔中表达的危险因素尚未完全了解。本研究旨在通过分析牙周炎患者的样本，确定吸烟对β-防御素（hBD）1 和 2 水平的影响。招募了 50 名牙周炎患者，25 名吸烟者和 25 名非吸烟者，以及 20 名牙周健康患者。在进行牙周临床评估后，从无牙周病患者的健康部位以及牙周炎患者的健康和患病部位采集龈沟液（GCF）样本。采用夹心 ELISA 技术定量检测肽。与非吸烟者相比，吸烟者在患病部位的 GCF hBD 1 水平降低，hBD 2 水平升高（p<0.05）。无牙周病患者的健康部位的 hBD 1 水平高于牙周炎患者的健康部位（p<0.0001）。非吸烟者的患病部位的 hBD 2 水平高于健康部位（p<0.05）。这些结果表明，在存在牙周病的情况下，吸烟会损害 hBDs 1 和 2 的蛋白水平。
